Molecular Pathogens 2024, Vol.15, No.5, 227-236 http://microbescipublisher.com/index.php/mp 234 can also provide insights into the mechanisms of resistance and susceptibility, guiding the development of more resilient sugarcane varieties. In addition, exploring the impact of environmental factors on disease incidence and severity can help develop more effective management strategies. To achieve sustainable control of bacterial diseases in sugarcane, it is essential to adopt an integrated disease management approach. This includes the use of disease-free planting material, regular monitoring and rapid detection of pathogens, and the implementation of cultural practices that reduce disease spread. Breeding for disease-resistant varieties should be prioritized, supported by molecular tools to ensure the selection of robust genotypes. Additionally, the use of tissue culture techniques combined with molecular diagnostics can help in the elimination of pathogens from planting material, thereby reducing the incidence of diseases like YLD. Educating farmers and stakeholders about the importance of disease management and providing them with the necessary resources and support can enhance the overall effectiveness of control measures. Acknowledgments The author sincerely thanks Professor Black and colleague Huang Q. for providing materials and literature during the research process. Conflict of Interest Disclosure The author affirms that this research was conducted without any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. References Agisha V., Ashwin N., Vinodhini R., Nalayeni K., Sundar A., Malathi P., and Viswanathan R., 2022, Transcriptome analysis of sugarcane reveals differential switching of major defense signaling pathways in response to Sporisorium scitamineumisolates with varying virulent attributes, Frontiers in Plant Science, 13: 969826. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.969826 Almeida J., 2019, Microbial control of sugarcane pests, Microbial Control of Insect and Mite Pests. Academic Press, 2017: 299-312. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-24733-1_34 Bechem E., and Mbella C., 2019, A survey of symptoms of fungal disease in sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) in buea in the south west region of cameroon, Annual Research and Review in Biology, 31(3): 1-12. https://doi.org/10.9734/ARRB/2019/V31I330047 Bertani R., Mielnichuk N., Chaves S., Yaryura P., Joya C., Monachesi M., Vojnov A., González V., and Perera M., 2023, Comparative study of virulence factors pathogenicity and genetic diversity of Acidovorax avenae subsp. avenae the causal agent of red stripe disease in sugarcane, Plant Pathology, 73(2): 250-261. https://doi.org/10.1111/ppa.13814 Bhuiyan S., Magarey R., McNeil M., and Aitken K., 2021, Sugarcane smut caused by Sporisorium scitamineuma major disease of sugarcane- a contemporary review, Phytopathology, 111(11): 1905-1917. https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-05-21-0221-RVW Burman S., Mason M., Hintzsche J., Zou Y., Gibbs L., MacGillycuddy L., Magarey R., and Botella J., 2023, Changing the diagnostic paradigm for sugarcane: development of a mill-based diagnostic for ratoon stunting disease in crude cane juice, Frontiers in Plant Science, 14: 1257894. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2023.1257894 Chakraborty M., Ford R., Soda N., Strachan S., Ngo C., Bhuiyan S., and Shiddiky M., 2023, Ratoon stunting disease (RSD) of sugarcane: a review emphasizing detection strategies and challenges, Phytopathology, 114(1): 7-20. https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-05-23-0181-RVW Cia M., Carvalho G., Azevedo R., Monteiro-Vitorello C., Souza G., Nishiyama-Junior M., Lembke C., Faria R., Marques J., Melotto M., and Camargo L., 2018, Novel insights into the early stages of ratoon stunting disease of sugarcane inferred from transcript and protein analysis, Phytopathology, 108(12): 1455-1466. https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-04-18-0120-R Cui D., Huang M.T., Hu C.Y., Su J.B., Lin L.H., Javed T., Deng Z.H., and Gao S.J., 2020, First report of Pantoea stewartii subsp. stewartii causing bacterial leaf wilt of sugarcane in China, Plant Disease, 105(4): 1190. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-09-20-2015-PDN Hossain I., Ahmad K., Siddiqui Y., Saad N., Rahman Z., Haruna A., and Bejo S., 2020, Current and prospective strategies on detecting and managing colletotrichumfalcatum causing red rot of sugarcane, Agronomy, 10(9): 1253. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10091253 Krishna G., Kumar M., Varma K., Bhavani B., Kumar V., and Kumari P., 2023, Molecular characterization and diagnostics for effective management of phytoplasma and viral diseases in sugarcane, The Andhra Agricultural Journal, 6(2): 19-29. https://doi.org/10.61657/aaj.2023.53
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