MP_2024v15n4

Molecular Pathogens 2024, Vol.15, No.4, 189-199 http://microbescipublisher.com/index.php/mp 197 Argonaute proteins, such as AGO18 and AGO1, can uncover new strategies for enhancing broad-spectrum virus resistance in rice. Advances in biotechnological tools, including CRISPR/Cas9 and other genome editing techniques, offer promising avenues for precise genetic modifications to improve resistance against both viral and fungal pathogens. Integrating traditional breeding methods with modern biotechnological approaches will be key to developing rice cultivars with durable and broad-spectrum resistance to emerging viral and mycoviral threats. Acknowledgments I appreciate Dr Huang from the Hainan Institution of Biotechnology for her assistance in references collection and discussion for this work completion. Conflict of Interest Disclosure The author affirms that this research was conducted without any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. References Abdoulaye A., Foda M., and Kotta-Loizou I., 2019, Viruses infecting the plant pathogenic fungus Rhizoctonia solani, Viruses, 11(12): 1113. https://doi.org/10.3390/v11121113 Benvenuto D., Giovannetti M., Ciccozzi A., Spoto S., Angeletti S., and Ciccozzi M., 2020, The 2019‐new coronavirus epidemic: evidence for virus evolution, Journal of Medical Virology, 92: 455-459. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.25688 Bonnamy M., Pinel-Galzi A., Gorgues L., Chalvon V., Hébrard E., Chéron S., Nguyen T., Poulicard N., Sabot F., Pidon H., Champion A., Cesari S., Kroj T., and Albar L., 2022, Rapid evolution of an RNA virus to escape recognition by a rice NLR immune receptor, The New phytologist, 237(3): 900-913. https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.18532 Calil I., and Fontes E., 2016, Plant immunity against viruses: antiviral immune receptors in focus, Annals of Botany, 119: 711-723. https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcw200 Cao Y.S., Zhou H.B., Zhou X.P., and Li F.F., 2020, Control of plant viruses by CRISPR/Cas system-mediated adaptive immunity, Frontiers in Microbiology, 11: 593700. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2020.593700 Carty M., Guy C., and Bowie A., 2020, Detection of viral infections by innate immunity, Biochemical pharmacology, 183: 114316. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114316 Chao S.F., Wang H.R., Yan Q., Chen L., Chen G.Q., Wu Y.H., Meng B.Z., Jin L.X., Zhu X.D., and Feng G.Z., 2021, Metatranscriptomic sequencing suggests the presence of novel RNA viruses in rice transmitted by brown planthopper, Viruses, 13(12): 2464. https://doi.org/10.3390/v13122464 García-Pedrajas M., Cañizares-Nolasco C., Sarmiento-Villamil J., Jacquat A., and Dambolena J., 2019, Mycoviruses in biological control: from basic research to field implementation, Phytopathology, 109(11): 1828-1839. https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-05-19-0166-RVW Ghabrial S., Castón J., Jiāng D., Nibert M., and Suzuki N., 2015, 50-plus years of fungal viruses, Virology, 479-480: 356-368. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2015.02.034 He Z., Huang X., Fan Y., Yang M., and Zhou E., 2022, Metatranscriptomic analysis reveals rich mycoviral diversity in three major fungal pathogens of rice, International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 23(16): 9192. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23169192 Hébrard E., Pinel-Galzi A., Oludare A., Poulicard N., Aribi J., Fabre S., Issaka S., Mariac C., Dereeper A., Albar, L., Silué D., and Fargette D., 2018, Identification of a hypervirulent pathotype of rice yellow mottle virus: a threat to genetic resistance deployment in west-central Africa, Phytopathology, 108(2): 299-307. https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-05-17-0190-R Hough B., Steenkamp E., Wingfield B., and Read D., 2023, Fungal viruses unveiled: a comprehensive review of mycoviruses, Viruses, 15(5): 1202. https://doi.org/10.3390/v15051202 Hussain M., Farooq T., Chen X., Tariqjaveed M., Jiang T., Liu S., and Zhou T., 2021, Viral suppressors from members of the family Closteroviridae combating antiviral RNA silencing: a tale of a sophisticated arms race in host-pathogen interactions, Phytopathology Research, 3: 27. https://doi.org/10.1186/s42483-021-00104-y Jiang Y., Zhang T., Luo C., Jiāng D., Li G., Li Q., Hsiang T., and Huang J., 2015, Prevalence and diversity of mycoviruses infecting the plant pathogen Ustilaginoidea virens, Virus Research, 195: 47-56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virusres.2014.08.022 Jin Y., Zhao J., and Guo H., 2020, Recent advances in understanding plant antiviral RNAi and viral suppressors of RNAi, Current opinion in virology, 46: 65-72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coviro.2020.12.001

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