Molecular Pathogens 2024, Vol.15, No.3, 119-128 http://microbescipublisher.com/index.php/mp 125 3) Tissue Culture and Molecular Diagnostics: Virus elimination through tissue (meristem) culture combined with molecular diagnostics has been successful in rejuvenating popular sugarcane varieties and increasing cane yield by 30%-35% under field conditions in India (Viswanathan, 2021). 4) Field Management Practices: Implementing good agricultural practices, such as timely irrigation and proper fertilization, can help mitigate the effects of SCYLV. In Réunion Island, significant yield losses were observed in non-irrigated fields, highlighting the importance of maintaining optimal field conditions (Rassaby et al., 2003). 7.3 Results and analysis The outcomes of these management strategies have been varied but generally positive. In Florida, planting virus-free seed cane resulted in low SCYLV prevalence after three crop seasons, effectively limiting the virus's impact on sugarcane production (Boukari et al., 2019). Similarly, in Réunion Island, significant yield reductions were observed in SCYLV-infected plants, but proper management practices helped mitigate these losses (Rassaby et al., 2003). Breeding programs have successfully developed SCYLV-resistant cultivars, showing improved yield and disease resistance in various field conditions (Yang et al., 2019). In India, screening for disease resistance and using virus-free planting material have led to increased cane yield and reduced varietal degeneration (Viswanathan, 2021). Additionally, tissue culture and molecular diagnostics have proven efficient in eliminating SCYLV from infected plants, leading to varietal rejuvenation and increased productivity (Viswanathan, 2021). Surveys and field trials have provided valuable insights into the prevalence and impact of SCYLV. For instance, a survey in northern Argentina revealed high infection rates and significant sugar content loss in SCYLV-infected plants, emphasizing the need for continuous monitoring and management (Asinari et al., 2020). 8 Control and Prevention Strategies 8.1 Breeding for resistant varieties Breeding for resistant sugarcane varieties is a crucial strategy in managing Sugarcane yellow leaf virus (SCYLV). Genome-wide association studies have identified numerous DNA markers and candidate genes associated with resistance to SCYLV, providing valuable resources for marker-assisted selection in breeding programs (Yang et al., 2019; Pimenta et al., 2020; Pimenta et al., 2021). The integration of RNA interference (RNAi) technology has also shown promise in developing virus-resistant sugarcane varieties. However, the high mutation rate and recombination within SCYLV strains necessitate a multi-target RNAi strategy to effectively combat the virus (Khalil et al., 2018). Additionally, the expression of the PAC1 gene in transgenic sugarcane has demonstrated potential in developing virus-resistant plants, although further field evaluations are necessary to confirm agronomic performance (Wang et al., 2022). The use of transgenic lines with SCYLV resistance has shown reduced infection rates, highlighting the potential of genetic transformation methods in breeding programs (Gilbert et al., 2009). 8.2 Agronomic practices Agronomic practices play a significant role in controlling the spread of SCYLV. Planting virus-free seed cane is a fundamental practice to limit the impact of SCYLV on sugarcane production. Field trials have shown that planting virus-free seed cane can significantly reduce the prevalence of SCYLV, thereby minimizing yield losses (Boukari et al., 2019). Regular monitoring and screening of sugarcane nurseries for SCYLV infection can help in early detection and management of the disease (Meixin et al., 2014). The use of apical meristem propagation to produce virus-free clean seedcane has been suggested as an effective method to minimize the spread of SCYLV (Sood et al., 2021). Additionally, understanding the interactions between SCYLV, sugarcane genotypes, and aphid vectors can inform the development of resistant cultivars and improve cultural practices to manage the disease (Bertasello et al., 2021).
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