Molecular Pathogens 2024, Vol.15, No.2, 83-92 http://microbescipublisher.com/index.php/mp 86 characteristic lesions (Krawczyk et al., 2020b). The presence of P. ananatis was confirmed through various molecular techniques, including 16S rRNA and gyrB gene sequencing, as well as multi-locus sequence analysis (MLSA) (Figure 2) (Krawczyk et al., 2020b). Figure 2 The disease symptoms observed on the wheat leaves from Winna Góra fields, with visible cereal leaf beetle (CLB) feeding wounds (A). Visible CLB feeding wounds and brownish lesions with clear margins and yellow halo suggesting bacterial infection (B) (Adopted from Krawczyk et al., 2020b) Figure 2 shows the disease symptoms observed on wheat leaves from Winna Góra fields. In image A, cereal leaf beetle (CLB) feeding wounds are visible. Image B displays CLB feeding wounds along with brownish lesions with clear margins and a yellow halo, suggesting a possible bacterial infection. During field monitoring, researchers analyzed three types of symptoms: wheat leaves damaged only by CLB feeding (group 1), wheat leaves showing only dark brown lesions with a yellow halo suggesting possible bacterial disease development (group 2), and leaves showing both CLB feeding symptoms and lesions with a yellow halo (group 3). The monitoring results indicated that about 60% of the wheat leaves had CLB feeding damage, while about 10% of the symptomatic plants showed both CLB feeding and lesions with a yellow halo. These symptoms, caused by Pantoea ananatis wheat pathogenic strains, are presented in Figure 1. 4.2 Impact on wheat yield and quality The infection of wheat plants by Pantoea ananatis can have significant impacts on both yield and quality. The lesions caused by the bacterium can lead to reduced photosynthetic activity, stunted growth, and overall plant
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