Molecular Pathogens 2024, Vol.15, No.1, 40-49 http://microbescipublisher.com/index.php/mp 40 Research Report Open Access Genomic Approaches to Enhance Disease Resistance in Grapevine Breeding Programs Jie Huang, Meifang Li Animal Science Research Center, Hainan Institute of Tropical Agricultural Resources, Sanya, 572024, Hainan, China Corresponding author: meifang.Li@hitar.org Molecular Pathogens, 2024, Vol.15, No.1 doi: 10.5376/mp.2024.15.0005 Received: 29 Dec., 2023 Accepted: 31 Jan., 2024 Published: 20 Feb., 2024 Copyright © 2024 Huang and Li, This is an open access article published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Preferred citation for this article: Huang J., and Li M.F., 2024, Genomic approaches to enhance disease resistance in grapevine breeding programs, Molecular Pathogens, 15(1): 40-49 (doi: 10.5376/mp.2024.15.0005) Abstract Enhancing disease resistance in grapevine breeding programs is a key strategy for improving grape productivity and quality. This study provides an overview of grapevine diseases and their economic and agricultural impact, discusses traditional methods of disease control and their limitations, and introduces genomic tools and technologies such as high-throughput sequencing, genotyping and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis, and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) used in grapevine breeding. It also explores the development and successful cases of marker-assisted selection (MAS) in grapevine breeding, elucidates the principles and advantages of genomic selection (GS), and its application in grapevine breeding. By examining the existing genomic technologies and strategies, this study emphasizes the importance of genomics in enhancing grapevine disease resistance and provides recommendations for future research. These genomic approaches not only offer new perspectives for grapevine breeding but also provide valuable references for disease-resistant breeding in other crops. Keywords Disease resistance; Grapevine breeding; Genomic tools; Marker-assisted selection (MAS); Genomic selection (GS) 1 Introduction Grapevine (Vitis vinifera) breeding has a long history, with initial efforts dating back to the early nineteenth century in North America and later in Europe, driven by the need to combat diseases such as mildews and phylloxera (Eibach and Töpfer, 2015). Traditional breeding techniques have primarily relied on phenotypic selection and the use of a limited number of molecular markers, which has made the process time-consuming and labor-intensive, often taking up to 25 years to release new cultivars (Brault et al., 2023). Despite these challenges, significant progress has been made in understanding grapevine genetics, which has paved the way for more efficient breeding methods. Disease resistance is a critical trait in grapevine breeding due to the susceptibility of Vitis vinifera to various fungal diseases and insect pests, especially in cool, wet climates. Diseases such as downy mildew, powdery mildew, and grey mold cause substantial economic losses and necessitate the extensive use of agrochemicals, which is increasingly unsustainable in the context of global warming. Enhancing disease resistance not only reduces the reliance on chemical treatments but also contributes to the sustainability and economic viability of grapevine cultivation (Poland and Rutkoski, 2016; Capriotti et al., 2020). This study aims to explore advances in genomic approaches that have the potential to revolutionize grape breeding programs by enhancing disease resistance. Specifically, it will examine the use of genomic prediction and selection methods, such as the genomic best linear unbiased predictor (GBLUP) and the least absolute shrinkage selection operator (LASSO), which have shown promise in accelerating the breeding process and improving the accuracy of selecting for disease resistance traits. This study will also discuss the integration of biotechnologies, including gene overexpression, gene silencing, and genome editing, which provide precise and efficient methods for introducing disease resistance traits into grape varieties. By synthesizing the latest research and developments, this study will provide a comprehensive understanding of how genomic approaches can enhance disease resistance in grape breeding programs, ultimately helping to develop more resilient and sustainable grape varieties.
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