Molecular Microbiology Research 2024, Vol.14, No.6, 290-297 http://microbescipublisher.com/index.php/mmr 296 Funding This work was supported by the College Students' Science and Technology Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program Project (Research on the Physiological Mechanisms of Enhancing Maize Yield and Nutritional Quality through the Interaction and Synergy of Straw Return and Fertilizer #GJ202211439016). Acknowledgments We are grateful to Dr C. Singh from Puna University for critically reading the manuscript and providing valuable feedback that improved the clarity of the text. Conflict of Interest Disclosure The authors affirm that this research was conducted without any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. References Akhtar K., Wang W., Djalović I., Prasad P., Ren G., Zafar N., Riaz M., Feng Y.Z., Yang G.H., and Wen R.H., 2023, Combining straw mulch with nitrogen fertilizer improves soil and plant physio-chemical attributes, physiology, and yield of maize in the semi-arid region of China, Plants, 12(18): 3308. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12183308 Aon M., Aslam Z., Hussain S., Bashir M., Shaaban M., Masood S., Iqbal S., Khalid M., Rehim A., Mosa W., Sas-Paszt L., Marey S., and Hatamleh A., 2023, Wheat straw biochar produced at a low temperature enhanced maize growth and yield by influencing soil properties of Typic calciargid, Sustainability, 15(12): 9488. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15129488 Chen Q.Y., Liu Z.J., Zhou J.B., Xu X.P., and Zhu Y.J., 2021, Long-term straw mulching with nitrogen fertilization increases nutrient and microbial determinants of soil quality in a maize–wheat rotation on China's Loess Plateau, Science of The Total Environment, 775: 145930. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2021.145930 Chen Y.L., Xin L., Liu J.T., Yuan M.Z., Liu S.T., Jiang W., and Chen J.P., 2017, Changes in bacterial community of soil induced by long-term straw returning, Scientia Agricola, 74: 349-356. https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-992X-2016-0025 Di C.Q., Han Z., Chai C., Sun J., Wu F.Z., and Pan K., 2023, Improvement of straw changed soil microbial flora composition and suppressed Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis) clubroot disease, Agronomy, 13(7): 1688. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13071688 Geist L., Wolfer R., Thiem R., Thielicke M., Eichler-Löbermann B., Eulenstein F., and Müller M., 2023, Alternative starter fertilization strategies in maize (Zea mays L.) cultivation: agronomic potential of microgranular fertilizer and plant growth-promoting microorganisms and their impact on the soil native microbial community, Agronomy, 13(12): 2900. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13122900 Guo Z.B., Wan S.X., Hua K.K., Yin Y., Chu H., Wang D., and Guo X., 2020, Fertilization regime has a greater effect on soil microbial community structure than crop rotation and growth stage in an agroecosystem, Applied Soil Ecology, 149: 103510. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2020.103510 Li Z.Q., Li D.D., Ma L., Yu Y.Y., Zhao B.Z., and Zhang J.B., 2018, Effects of straw management and nitrogen application rate on soil organic matter fractions and microbial properties in North China Plain, Journal of Soils and Sediments, 19: 618-628. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-018-2102-4 Liu B.Y., Dai Y.S., Cheng X., He X., Bei Q.C., Wang Y.F., Zhou Y.L., Zhu B., Zhang K.P., Tian X.Q., Duan M.C., Xie X.Y., and Wang L.C., 2023, Straw mulch improves soil carbon and nitrogen cycle by mediating microbial community structure and function in the maize field, Frontiers in Microbiology, 14: 1217966. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1217966 Liu J.L., Li S.Q., Yue S., Tian J.Q., Chen H., Jiang H.B., Siddique K., Zhan A., Fang Q., and Yu Q., 2021, Soil microbial community and network changes after long-term use of plastic mulch and nitrogen fertilization on semiarid farmland, Geoderma, 396: 115086. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.GEODERMA.2021.115086 Liu Z.P., Zhou H.P., Xie W.Y., Yang Z.X., and Lü Q.Q., 2021, Long-term effects of maize straw return and manure on the microbial community in cinnamon soil in Northern China using 16S rRNA sequencing, PLoS ONE, 16(4): e0249884. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0249884 Mei N., Zhang X.Z., Wang X.Q., Peng C., Gao H.J., Zhu P., and Gu Y., 2021, Effects of 40 years applications of inorganic and organic fertilization on soil bacterial community in a maize agroecosystem in northeast China, European Journal of Agronomy, 130: 126332. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.EJA.2021.126332 Muhammad I., Yang L., Ahmad S., Zeeshan M., Farooq S., Ali I., Khan A., and Zhou X., 2022, Irrigation and nitrogen fertilization alter soil bacterial communities, soil enzyme activities, and nutrient availability in maize crop, Frontiers in Microbiology, 13: 833758. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.833758
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