Molecular Microbiology Research 2024, Vol.14, No.6, 271-276 http://microbescipublisher.com/index.php/mmr 273 3 Applications in the Field of Biological Control Currently, there has been substantial research on B. tequilensis in the field of biological control. As a broad-spectrum antagonistic bacterium, B. tequilensis exhibits wide-ranging resistance against various pathogens. Studies have shown that B. tequilensis can inhibit pathogenic fungi such as Aspergillus niger, Mucor spp. (Li et al., 2016), Phytophthora nicotianae (causing black shank disease in tobacco) (Feng et al., 2011), Monilinia fructicola (causing brown rot in peaches) (Yuan et al., 2018), and Ceratocystis fimbriata (causing black rot in sweet potato) (Li et al., 2022). Researchers have leveraged the antifungal properties of B. tequilensis in numerous plant disease resistance studies, revealing that it can significantly inhibit brown rot in sweet cherries (Xi et al., 2020), effectively control mulberry sclerotinia disease (Xie et al., 2015) and Colletotrichum camelliae (causing anthracnose in tea plants) (Zhou et al., 2023), and partially suppress soybean anthracnose (Gholami et al., 2013). B. tequilensis has been found to control Verticillium dahliae (causing potato wilt) (Shen et al., 2018), Saprolegnia spp. (causing water mold disease) (Wang, 2020), andRhizopus spp. (causing blueberry rot) (Huang et al., 2017). It also reduces the severity of avocado anthracnose (Wang et al., 2019) and decreases the incidence of banana leaf spot disease (Cuellar-Gaviria et al., 2021). In an experiment conducted by Zhang et al. (2017), the control efficacy of B. tequilensis against watermelon wilt was found to be 74.6%. However, when B. tequilensis was adsorbed onto rice husk biochar, the control efficacy increased to 83.1% (Zhang et al., 2019), outperforming the direct application of the bacterial solution. This comparative data suggests that the use of biochar as a carrier can enhance the effectiveness of B. tequilensis in managing soil-borne diseases in crops. In another study by Gao Yuan et al. (2022), plate confrontation experiments revealed that B. tequilensis, when mixed in specific ratios with Bacillus velezensis and two other Bacillus species, significantly inhibited Alternaria spp. and Botrytis cinerea, with inhibition rates exceeding 80%, thereby enhancing the biological control effect. Field trials indicated that the composite Bacillus mixture achieved control effects against Alternaria and Botrytis comparable to current chemical treatments, but with greater environmental friendliness, aligning well with green pest management strategies (Gao et al., 2022). Research by Liu Xiaodan et al. (2018) found that mixing B. tequilensis with Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus subtilis, and Paenibacillus polymyxa in certain ratios and using bone meal as a carrier not only increased IAA content but also enhanced the accumulation of available phosphorus and nitrogen, resulting in increased corn yield (Liu et al., 2018). Thus, to enhance biocontrol efficacy, B. tequilensis can be combined with carriers, mixed with other Bacillus species, or integrated with both carriers and other Bacillus strains. These three strategies offer valuable reference points for the future development of bio-fertilizers and microbial agents. In addition to its antifungal properties, B. tequilensis also exhibits antibacterial activity. Studies have found that B. tequilensis shows inhibitory effects against various pathogenic bacteria of the dark-spotted frog, including Elizabethkingia miricola, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, and Aeromonas hydrophila (Zhu et al., 2024). It can also produce cellulase and protease, assisting Blattella germanica (German cockroach) in digesting proteins, starch, and cellulose, while also providing antagonistic protection against Beauveria bassiana infection (Huang, 2019). Singh and Sharma (2020) demonstrated experimentally that B. tequilensis kills bacteria by producing biosurfactants, which act similarly to disinfectants. Zhang Haiying et al. (2017a) isolated a strain of B. tequilensis from the rhizosphere soil of sorghum that exhibited resistance against sorghum aphids. Li Jing (2018a) discovered that adding B. tequilensis to the aquaculture water of sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus) significantly enhanced the growth of sea cucumber and increased the enzymatic activities of amylase, trypsin, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the gut. Therefore, B. tequilensis holds great promise for applications in agricultural biological control. 4 Applications in Other Fields B. tequilensis is not only gaining attention in the agricultural sector but also shows significant application potential in the industrial, environmental, and food industries, warranting further research and exploration.
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