Molecular Microbiology Research 2024, Vol.14, No.5, 208-217 http://microbescipublisher.com/index.php/mmr 210 of hydrolytic enzymes to break down complex molecules (Negus et al., 2017; Bratanis et al., 2020). Myxococcus xanthus also secretes hydrolytic enzymes, including peptidases, lipases, and glycoside hydrolases, to lyse prey cells and release nutrients into the extracellular environment. Figure 1 Bacterial origin of cytotoxic benzolactones fromM. verticillatacultures (Adopted from Büttner et al., 2021) Image caption: (A) Cytotoxic lactone compounds assigned to endofungal symbionts from the fungus R. microsporus (1-4), M. verticillata (3-4), Pseudomonas sp. (5), and a tunicate and the bacteriumGynuella sunshinyii (6). (B) Metabolic profiles of extracts from Burkholderia sp. strain B8 and M. verticillata NRRL 6337 as symbiont or cured strain as total ion chromatograms in the negative mode. (C) Fluorescence micrograph depicting endosymbionts living in the fungal hyphae; staining with Calcofluor White and Syto9 Green. (D) Phylogenetic relationships of Mortierella symbionts, Burkholderia sp. strain B8, and other bacteria based on 16S rDNA. BRE, Burkholderia-related endosymbiont of Mortierella spp. (E) Metabolic profiles of extracts from M. verticillata NRRL 6337 and other necroxime-negative M. verticillata strains analyzed for endosymbionts in this study as total ion chromatograms in the negative mode. M, medium component. (F) Growth of symbiotic M. verticillata NRRL 6337 in comparison to the cured strain (Adopted from Büttner et al., 2021)
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