Molecular Microbiology Research 2024, Vol.14, No.5, 226-235 http://microbescipublisher.com/index.php/mmr 231 entomopathogens Beauveria bassiana and Purpureocillium lilacinum demonstrated their ability to enhance the growth of cultivated cotton and negatively affect the survival of the cotton bollworm, indicating their potential application in pest management for maize as well (Lopez and Sword, 2015). Figure 2 Functional determination of cultivable seed endophytic bacteria in eight alpine grassland species (Adopted from Liang et al., 2021) Image caption: The A represent determination of nitrogen fixation potential, B represent ACC deaminase activity, C represent solubilization of mineral phosphate, D represent siderophore production, E represent IAA production, F represent Cellulase activity, G represent pectinase activity, H represent effect of 6 bacteria inoculation and control treatment on seeding height (Adopted from Liang et al., 2021) 7 Advances in Research Techniques and Future Directions 7.1 High-throughput sequencing and metagenomics High-throughput sequencing (HTS) and metagenomics have revolutionized the study of seed-associated endophytes in Zea and other plant species. These techniques allow for the comprehensive analysis of microbial communities by sequencing the entire DNA content of a sample, providing insights into the diversity and functional potential of endophytes. For instance, the use of Illumina DNA sequencing has revealed a high level of conservation and diversity among seed endophytes in various plant species, including alpine grassland plants and saline-alkali tolerant rice (Liang et al., 2021; Wang et al., 2021). Similarly, shotgun metagenomics has been employed to profile the root endophytic microbiome of maize, identifying a wide range of bacterial genera and their functional roles (Babalola et al., 2020). These advancements enable researchers to uncover the complex interactions between plants and their microbial partners, offering potential applications in crop improvement and sustainable agriculture.
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