Molecular Microbiology Research 2024, Vol.14, No.5, 218-225 http://microbescipublisher.com/index.php/mmr 218 Review Article Open Access Cooperative Symbiosis: New Opportunities for Enhancing Tree Stress Resistance through Rhizosphere Microbes Chunyan Tan, Chunyang Zhan Hainan Institute of Biotechnology, Haikou, 570206, Hainan, China Corresponding author: chunyang.zhan@hibio.org Molecular Microbiology Research, 2024, Vol.14, No.5 doi: 10.5376/mmr.2024.14.0024 Received: 27 Jul., 2024 Accepted: 06 Sep., 2024 Published: 20 Sep., 2024 Copyright © 2024 Tan and Zhan, This is an open access article published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Preferred citation for this article: Tan C.Y., and Zhan C.Y., 2024, Cooperative symbiosis: new opportunities for enhancing tree stress resistance through rhizosphere microbes, Molecular Microbiology Research, 14(5): 218-225 (doi: 10.5376/mmr.2024.14.0024) Abstract Tree rhizosphere microbes interact with plants through various mechanisms, promoting nutrient uptake, enhancing stress resistance, and improving soil structure. Their diversity and functions play a crucial role in plant ecosystems, helping to maintain ecological balance and improve forest health and productivity. This study analyzes the various stress factors faced by trees and highlights the importance of rhizosphere microbes in promoting plant health. It provides an overview of the diversity of rhizosphere microbes, including bacteria, fungi, and actinomycetes, as well as their key functions in soil and plant health. Furthermore, it explores how rhizosphere microbes enhance trees' resistance to environmental stress through mechanisms such as facilitating nutrient uptake, modulating hormones and signaling, and inducing systemic resistance. This research provides guidance for future studies and applications aimed at utilizing rhizosphere microbes to improve tree health and adaptability. Keywords Rhizosphere microbes; Stress resistance; Nutrient uptake; Plant health; Ecological balance 1 Introduction Trees, as long-lived organisms, are subjected to a variety of stress factors throughout their lifespans. These stressors can be broadly categorized into biotic and abiotic factors. Biotic stressors include pathogens such as soil-borne fungi and insects, which can significantly impact tree health and productivity. Abiotic stressors encompass environmental conditions such as drought, salinity, heavy metal contamination, and extreme temperatures, all of which can adversely affect tree growth and survival (Khan et al., 2021). The increasing frequency and intensity of these stress factors, exacerbated by climate change, pose a significant threat to forest ecosystems and necessitate the development of innovative strategies to enhance tree resilience. The rhizosphere, the narrow region of soil influenced by root secretions and associated microbial activity, plays a crucial role in plant health. Rhizosphere microbes, including bacteria, fungi, and archaea, form complex interactions with plant roots that can enhance nutrient uptake, improve soil structure, and increase resistance to both biotic and abiotic stresses (Andargie et al., 2023). Symbiotic relationships, such as those formed with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), are particularly beneficial. These microbes can improve plant access to essential nutrients like phosphorus and nitrogen, modulate plant hormone levels, and induce systemic resistance to pathogens (Cumming et al., 2015; Wang et al., 2020; Ho-Plágaro and García-Garrido, 2022). Understanding and harnessing these interactions offer promising avenues for enhancing tree stress resistance. This study will analyze various biotic and abiotic stress factors that affect trees and the role of rhizosphere microorganisms in alleviating these stresses. It will discuss the mechanisms by which rhizosphere microorganisms, especially arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), enhance tree health and stress resistance, and focus on introducing the latest research results on the interaction between trees and rhizosphere microorganisms and their impact on forest management and protection. Furthermore, future research directions will be proposed to optimize the use of rhizosphere microorganisms to enhance trees' adaptability to environmental stress.
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