Molecular Microbiology Research 2024, Vol.14, No.4, 198-207 http://microbescipublisher.com/index.php/mmr 202 major sink of DMS in surface seawater, further impacting the sulfur cycle and climate regulation (Lidbury et al., 2016). The dynamic nature of microbial interactions and the seasonal shifts in microbial community composition significantly affect the concentrations of DMSP and DMS, highlighting the importance of microbial ecology in mediating these biogeochemical processes (Sheehan and Petrou, 2019; O'Brien et al., 2022). 5 Interactions Between Carbon, Nitrogen, and Sulfur Cycles 5.1 Coupling of elemental cycles in marine microbial communities Marine microbial communities play a pivotal role in coupling the carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur cycles through various metabolic processes. In seagrass ecosystems, for instance, microorganisms facilitate the cycling of sulfur and nitrogen, with proteobacterial lineages being major contributors to both cycles. The presence of seagrasses influences the abundance and activity of these microorganisms, thereby affecting the overall biogeochemical processes in the sediments (Liu et al., 2023). Similarly, in anoxic marine zones (AMZs), specific microbial groups have been identified that link biogeochemically relevant processes by coupling the carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur cycles. These groups are more abundant and transcriptionally active in AMZs (Figure 2), highlighting their significant role in these interconnected cycles (Plominsky et al., 2018). Figure 2 Taxonomic compositions of sulfur- (A) and nitrogen-cycling genes (B) at phylum level (Adopted from Liu et al., 2023)
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