Molecular Microbiology Research 2024, Vol.14, No.4, 171-180 http://microbescipublisher.com/index.php/mmr 176 variabilis with their respective rhizosphere microbial communities has been shown to significantly influence soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration. The bacterial order Rhizobiales and the fungal order Russulales were identified as key taxa driving carbon sequestration in these tree species, respectively. This highlights the importance of specific microbial taxa in enhancing the ecological functions of forest ecosystems (Figure 3) (Song et al., 2020). Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, which form symbiotic relationships with about 80% of terrestrial plant species, are critical for plant growth and stress tolerance. The molecular regulation of AM symbiosis involves complex signaling pathways between the fungi and host plants, which are essential for maintaining forest health and productivity (Ho-Plágaro and García-Garrido, 2022). The experimental results indicate that different tree species and their root locations have distinct effects on microbial communities. For example, carbon sequestration in Pinus tabuliformis primarily occurs at the root tips, while in Quercus suber, it is mainly concentrated in the middle part of the roots. These differing strategies may reflect variations in nutrient acquisition and adaptation to different soil conditions. Nitrogen-fixing bacteria in Pinus tabuliformis promote carbon sequestration through nitrogen fixation, whereas Quercus suber relies on fungi from the genus Russula for nutrient exchange. The experimental setup, as shown in the figure, employed stainless steel boxes and mesh screens that allowed soil gases and moisture to pass through while preventing fine soil particles from entering, ensuring interactions between the root system and the surrounding microorganisms. These experimental devices enabled the study to simulate different soil and ecosystem states, observing the succession of rhizosphere microbial communities and their impact on carbon sequestration. Figure 3 Experimental device for sampling (Adopted from Song et al., 2020) 5.2 Rhizosphere interactions in agroforestry In agroforestry systems, the interactions between legume plants and their microbial symbionts, such as rhizobia and AM fungi, are vital for improving soil fertility and crop yields. Studies have shown that the presence of AM fungi can enhance the accumulation of rhizobia in the rhizosphere, thereby promoting nodulation and nitrogen fixation in legume plants. This synergistic relationship between AM fungi and rhizobia can be leveraged to
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