Molecular Microbiology Research 2024, Vol.14, No.3, 153-161 http://microbescipublisher.com/index.php/mmr 155 The rice root development of TUR07-02b is significantly superior to the control group, particularly in terms of root length and branching numbers. This indicates that TUR07-02b not only aids in the dissolution of calcium phosphate, making phosphorus more accessible for absorption by the rice from the soil, but also enhances the nutrient uptake capacity of rice by promoting root growth. The phosphorus-solubilizing mechanism of this endophyte offers an important sustainable agricultural strategy that can significantly increase crop yields while reducing the use of chemical fertilizers. Studies show that TUR07-02b can significantly improve agronomic parameters of rice under greenhouse conditions, such as panicle length, number of grains per panicle, grain yield, and harvest index. These results highlight the potential of using endophytes as biological inoculants to replace part of the chemical fertilizers, especially in soils with low phosphorus availability. Figure 1 Effect of inoculation of B. siamensis TUR07-02b and B. vietnamiensis TUR04-01a on Oryza sativa var. “Bellavista”, compared to the control without inoculation (Adopted from Rios-Ruiz et al., 2023) 3.1.3 Potassium mobilization While specific studies on potassium mobilization by non-rhizobial endophytes in rice are limited, the overall enhancement of nutrient uptake by these microbes suggests a potential role in potassium mobilization. The increased nutrient uptake, including potassium, observed in rice plants inoculated with various endophytic bacteria supports this hypothesis (Etesami and Alikhani, 2016). 3.2 Disease suppression Non-rhizobial endophytes also contribute to disease suppression in rice plants. Certain endophytic bacteria have been isolated for their fungicide tolerance and plant growth-promoting traits, which include potential nitrogen fixation and phosphorus solubilization. These bacteria, such as Bacillus aryabhattai MN1, have shown tolerance
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