Molecular Microbiology Research 2024, Vol.14, No.3, 153-161 http://microbescipublisher.com/index.php/mmr 153 Feature Review Open Access Application of Non-Rhizobial Endophytic Microbes in Rice Cultivation Weisheng He, Juyi Bai, Danyan Ding Institute of Life Science, Jiyang College of Zhejiang A&F University, Zhuji, 311800, Zhejiang, China Corresponding author: danyan.ding@jicat.org Molecular Microbiology Research, 2024, Vol.14, No.3 doi: 10.5376/mmr.2024.14.0017 Received: 23 Apr., 2024 Accepted: 10 Jun., 2024 Published: 26 Jun., 2024 Copyright © 2024 He et al., This is an open access article published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Preferred citation for this article: He W.S., Bai J.Y., and Ding D.Y., 2024, Application of non-rhizobial endophytic microbes in rice cultivation, Molecular Microbiology Research, 14(3): 153-161 (doi: 10.5376/mmr.2024.14.0017) Abstract Rice (Oryza sativa L.), as one of the most important staple crops globally, faces multiple challenges in cultivation, including the need for yield enhancement, quality optimization, and increased stress resistance. Non-rhizobial endophytic microbes, a unique group of soil and plant symbiotic microorganisms, have gained significant attention in recent years for their application in agriculture. This study systematically reviews the mechanisms of action, application strategies, and the various benefits of non-rhizobial endophytic microbes in rice cultivation. These microbes significantly improve rice yield and quality by enhancing nutrient uptake, suppressing diseases, and promoting growth, while also increasing resistance to both abiotic and biotic stresses. Case studies and field trials further validate their successful application in different regions and their long-term positive impact on soil health. However, the practical application of non-rhizobial endophytic microbes still faces challenges, including environmental factors, microbial community compatibility, and economic feasibility. This study provides recommendations for further research and application of non-rhizobial endophytic microbes in rice cultivation and explores their future development potential. Keywords Non-rhizobial endophytic microbes; Rice cultivation; Nutrient uptake; Stress resistance; Soil health 1 Introduction Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a staple food for more than half of the world's population, playing a crucial role in global food security. Despite its importance, rice production has stagnated over the past two decades, necessitating innovative approaches to enhance yield and sustainability (Doni et al., 2022). Traditional rice cultivation methods often rely heavily on chemical fertilizers, which can have detrimental environmental impacts. Therefore, there is a growing interest in sustainable agricultural practices that can improve rice productivity while minimizing environmental harm. Endophytic microbes, which live inside plant tissues without causing harm, have emerged as a promising tool in sustainable agriculture. These microbes can enhance plant growth, improve nutrient uptake, and increase resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses (Saha et al., 2016; Ding et al., 2019). In rice cultivation, endophytic microbes have been shown to significantly influence plant health and productivity. For instance, non-rhizobial endophytes fromTypha angustifolia have been found to improve nitrogen metabolism in rice, leading to increased biomass and chlorophyll content. Similarly, the application of endophytic Azotobacter sp. has demonstrated potential in reducing the need for chemical nitrogen fertilizers while maintaining high yields (Banik et al., 2019; Xu et al., 2019). This study aims to summarize current understanding of the interactions between rice plants and non-rhizobial endophytic microorganisms, providing deeper insights into the potential benefits of using these microorganisms to enhance rice growth, yield, and stress resistance. Furthermore, it explores the mechanisms through which non-rhizobial endophytes exert beneficial effects on rice plants, identifies gaps in the current research, and proposes future directions for the application of non-rhizobial endophytic microorganisms in sustainable rice cultivation. The goal is to highlight the potential of non-rhizobial endophytic microorganisms as a sustainable solution for improving rice yield and promoting global food security.
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