Molecular Microbiology Research 2024, Vol.14, No.1, 61-64 http://microbescipublisher.com/index.php/mmr 63 samples of different depths and sites, CTI increases with increasing temperature. However, there are differences in the slope of the relationship between CTI and temperature among different sites, indicating differences in the adaptability of bacterial communities to temperature and niche preferences among different sites. Figure 6 Marine heatwaves lead to compositional and structural changes in microbial assemblages Image caption: a: Heatmap detailing the bacterial genera contributing most to the compositional difference between surface samples collected in equivalent months during MHW and non-MHW conditions; b: The seasonal cycle of bacterial Shannon diversity, (c) Inverse Simpsons diversity and (d) the number of "uncommon" bacterial taxa in each sample are all modulated by MHW condition; Samples collected during MHW conditions (n = 121) are in red and those collected during non-MHW conditions (n = 378) are in blue During MHW, the bacterial genera that caused the greatest difference in microbial community composition included high-temperature adaptive genera such as Synechococcus, Procholococcus, and Trichodesmum, with a significant increase in relative abundance, while bacteria such as NS2b, NS5, and NS7 that preferred particle attachment decreased. Similar changes were observed in the Marine Group II archaea and Mamiellophytaceae green algae groups. This reflects the transformation of microbial communities towards high temperature and low nutrient niches due to high temperature and low nutrient conditions. This shift towards high-temperature and low nutrient niches may be a fundamental characteristic of warming in temperate oceans. Due to significant differences in the rate and fate of carbon fixation between smaller photosynthetic organisms and larger photosynthetic organisms, this change may have a profound impact on the entire food web. During the MHW event, the Shannon index and inverse Simpson index significantly increased, leading to a significant increase in the number of "rare" taxa. During the peak period of MHW from February to April,
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