Molecular Microbiology Research 2024, Vol.14, No.1, 49-60 http://microbescipublisher.com/index.php/mmr 52 The tripartite symbiotic system of lotus (not specifically referring to a particular species) provides a unique research platform, involving the interaction between AMF, rhizobia, and host plants. There is a mutually beneficial relationship between wild leguminous plant Lotus japonicus and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and nitrogen fixing rhizobia. The Lotus symbiotic genes play a wide-ranging role in building the root microbiota and highlight unexpected microbial interactions between root symbiotes and symbiotic communities. The bacterial root microbial community generally exhibits strong resistance to significant changes in the composition of root associated fungal communities, but simultaneously disrupting the symbiosis between AM and rhizobia increases the connectivity between bacterial root microbial communities (Figure 1) (Chang et al., 2017). This tripartite symbiotic relationship helps us gain a deeper understanding of how microorganisms collaborate with each other in complex environments, supporting plant growth, and also provides an important perspective for deciphering the genetic and molecular basis of symbiotic relationships. Figure 1 Bacterial and fungal community profiles for different root fractions of L. japonicus (Adopted from Thiergart et al., 2019) Image caption: (A) The length of the three different root fractions. (B) Community profile showing the relative abundances of bacterial (top) and fungal (bottom) families across compartments and fractions (only samples with >5 000 reads [bacteria] or >1 000 reads [fungi] are shown, and taxa having an average RA of <0.1 [bacteria] or <0.15 [fungi] across all samples are aggregated as low-abundance taxa). (C) Ternary plots showing bacterial OTUs that are enriched in the endosphere of specific root fractions, compared to the soil samples. (D) Ternary plots showing fungal OTUs that are enriched in the endosphere of specific root fractions, compared to the soil samples. The circle size corresponds to the RA across all fractions. Dark-gray circles denote OTUs that are enriched in soil, and light-gray circles always represent OTUs that are not enriched in any of the fractions (Adopted from Thiergart et al., 2019)
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