Molecular Microbiology Research 2024, Vol.14, No.1, 1-9 http://microbescipublisher.com/index.php/mmr 1 Research Article Open Access Interaction between Pathogenic Mechanism of Salmonella and Host Immune System ChenChen Institute of Life Science, Jiyang College of Zhejiang A&F University, Zhuji, 311800, Zhejiang, China Corresponding email: 2013478397@qq.com Molecular Microbiology Research, 2024, Vol.14, No.1 doi: 10.5376/mmr.2024.14.0001 Received: 28 Dec., 2023 Accepted: 29 Dec., 2023 Published: 01 Jan., 2024 Copyright © 2024 Chen, This is an open access article published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Preferred citation for this article: Chen C., 2024, Interaction between pathogenic mechanism of Salmonella and host immune system, Molecular Microbiology Research, 14(1): 1-9 (doi: 10.5376/mmr.2024.14.0001) Abstract Salmonella is a bacterium that widely exists in the natural world and can cause various diseases such as gastroenteritis and septicemia. Salmonella invades host cells through its virulence factors, such as serine, endotoxins, and flagella, disrupting the signaling pathways of host cells and evading surveillance and attack by the host immune system. Salmonella can also produce various molecules, such as surface proteins and lipopolysaccharides, to activate the host immune system's inflammatory response, leading to the formation of inflammatory lesions. Furthermore, Salmonella infection can affect both cellular and humoral immunity of the host immune system. Studies have found that Salmonella infection can result in reduced functionality of macrophages and dendritic cells, inhibition of T cell activation and proliferation, thereby weakening the host immune system's resistance. The research also introduces the diagnosis and treatment methods for Salmonella infection, including bacterial culture, molecular biology detection, and antibiotic therapy, and provides prospects for the study of the pathogenic molecular mechanisms of Salmonella and the interaction with the host immune system. Future research needs to further explore the virulence factors and immune evasion mechanisms of Salmonella, investigate the strategies of the host immune system's response, and provide a more scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of Salmonella infection. Keywords Salmonella; Pathogenic mechanism; Immune escape; Host immune system; Prevention and treatment Salmonella is a gram-negative bacterium widely distributed in nature, mainly existing in the intestines and environment of animals. It can cause human infection through eating contaminated food or drinking water, contact with infected animals or their feces, etc. The symptoms of Salmonella infection include diarrhea, fever, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, etc. In severe cases, it may also cause serious complications such as sepsis, organ damage, and pneumonia. Globally, millions of people are infected with Salmonella every year, and tens of thousands of people die, seriously affecting human health and life safety (Avondt et al., 2015). The molecular mechanism of Salmonella infection and the interaction with the host immune system is one of the hot topics in recent years. The virulence factors of Salmonella mainly include serotonin, endotoxin, flagella, etc. Among them, serotonin is a molecule that can cause intestinal inflammation, which can promote Salmonella invasion into host cells and inhibit the inflammatory response of the host immune system. Endotoxin is a molecule that causes inflammatory responses, which can activate the inflammatory response of the host immune system, but also cause damage to host tissues. Flagella is a locomotive organ of Salmonella that can help Salmonella evade the attack of the host immune system. In addition, Salmonella can produce various molecules, such as surface proteins, lipopolysaccharides, etc., to activate the inflammatory response of the host immune system and form inflammatory foci. At the same time, Salmonella infection can also cause immune evasion of the host immune system. Salmonella can evade the surveillance and attack of the host immune system by interfering with the signal transduction pathway of host cells. In addition, Salmonella infection can also affect the cellular and humoral immunity of the host immune system. It has been found that after Salmonella infection, the functions of macrophages and dendritic cells in the host immune system are inhibited, and the activation and proliferation of T cells are also inhibited, thus reducing the resistance of the host immune system (Jantsch et al., 2011).
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