Molecular Microbiology Research 2024, Vol.14, No.1, 20-30 http://microbescipublisher.com/index.php/mmr 25 may be a competitive relationship between some species, in which they compete for nutrients, space and other resources to maintain their growth; while other species may have a symbiotic relationship, in which they cooperate with each other to achieve common survival. Ofaim et al. (2017) introduced a metabolic network-based framework for metagenomic interpretation that converts environment-specific gene catalogs into metabolic network representations to predict dominant taxa for the entire community by establishing functional-taxonomic links. Performance impact. In terms of microbial community function, metagenomics can infer the functional characteristics of each species in the community through the analysis of gene sequences in the microbial community. These functional characteristics include metabolic pathways, enzyme activities, signal transduction, etc., which together constitute the functional system of the microbial community. This functional system has an important impact on the stability and productivity of ecosystems. For example, some microorganisms may break down organic matter to release nutrients and promote plant growth, while others may slow the effects of climate change by fixing carbon dioxide. 3 Application Prospects of Metagenomics in Ecological Environment Protection and Restoration 3.1 Application of metagenomics in environmental monitoring and assessment Metagenomics technology is increasingly used in environmental monitoring and assessment. With its unique perspective and methods, it provides us with a new way to examine and assess environmental health. Datta et al. (2020) studied microbial diversity, bioremediation, pollution monitoring, enzyme and drug discovery through metagenomics technology, demonstrating the great potential of this technology in identifying and monitoring unculturable microbial communities. In marine pollution monitoring, metagenomics also shows its unique value. By conducting metagenomics analysis of microbial communities in polluted sea areas, researchers have discovered some special microorganisms that can break down plastic waste. The existence of these microorganisms provides the possibility to develop new biodegradable materials and provides new ideas for solving the problem of marine plastic pollution (Techtmann and Hazen, 2016). Additionally, metagenomics plays an important role in assessing ecosystem health. Taking a certain forest ecosystem as an example, through several years of metagenomics monitoring, scientists found that the diversity and functional characteristics of the microbial community were declining year by year, which is related to the loss of biodiversity and the degradation of ecosystem functions in the forest ecosystem. closely related. This discovery provides a scientific basis for us to take timely ecological restoration measures. In 2022, a group of research teams in Singapore, Karrie et al., proposed a strategic vision to "establish a new global monitoring system based on full transparency from all parties, using the most advanced digital tools to connect information centers around the world, including Animal and Environmental Health Monitoring".Monitoring methods based on metagenomics provide opportunities for this ambitious idea. and explored the potential of metagenomics-based monitoring to accelerate and change the global environment and detect human health risks (Ko et al., 2022). 3.2 Tapping the potential of metagenomics in the development and utilization of biological resources Metagenomics technology has opened up new paths for the development and utilization of biological resources, and its potential has been demonstrated in many aspects. In the development of biological resources, metagenomics provides us with the means to directly obtain and utilize genetic resources from the natural environment. Through metagenomics analysis, researchers can screen out microorganisms with special functions from environmental samples, such as microorganisms that produce special enzymes, have specific metabolic pathways, or have high degradation capabilities for specific substrates. These microorganisms have broad
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