Molecular Microbiology Research 2024, Vol.14, No.1, 20-30 http://microbescipublisher.com/index.php/mmr 24 direct harm to microorganisms. Climate change, land degradation, etc. will also destroy the living environment of microorganisms, leading to the reduction or extinction of microbial populations. Hernandez et al. (2021) proposed that by assessing the diversity and structural changes of the soil microbiome along 40 stress gradients (altitude/moisture availability gradients), it was shown that natural microbiomes exhibit network properties of unstable communities under sustained stress. Chen et al. (2019) showed that the loss of soil microbial diversity exacerbates the spread of antibiotic resistance. This study demonstrated that high microbial diversity can serve as a biological barrier to prevent the spread of antibiotic resistance. Reduced microbial diversity can have serious negative impacts on ecosystem health. Microorganisms play a key role in ecological processes such as nutrient cycling and energy flow. When microbial diversity decreases, these ecological processes may be disrupted, leading to a decrease in ecosystem stability and productivity. This will not only affect the overall health of the ecosystem, but may also have a negative impact on human society and economic development. Maintaining ecosystem health is an important prerequisite for protecting microbial diversity. By reducing pollution, protecting the ecological environment, and promoting sustainable development, we can provide better living conditions for microorganisms and thereby maintain the stability and prosperity of the ecosystem. 2.3 Microbial community structure and functional relationships revealed by metagenomics As a cutting-edge technology, metagenomics reveals to us the complex and delicate structural and functional relationships within microbial communities (Figure 2). With the help of high-throughput sequencing technology, metagenomics can capture the genetic information of all microorganisms in environmental samples, and then analyze the composition, relative abundance, and interactions of each species in the community. Figure 2 Meta-omics to study the structure and function of microbial community (Ma et al., 2015) Kour et al. (2021) conducted metagenomic-based taxonomic, strain-level, functional and phylogenetic analyzes of microbial communities using bioBakery 3, a comprehensive set of improved methods, revealing new disease-microbiome interactions. connect. Metagenomics provides us with unprecedented detail when it comes to microbial community structure. Even in the same type of environment, the microbial community structure will be different due to differences in geographical location, climatic conditions, human interference and other factors. This difference is not only reflected in the diversity of species composition, but also in the interactions between species. For example, there
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