Molecular Microbiology Research 2024, Vol.14, No.1, 10-19 http://microbescipublisher.com/index.php/mmr 14 microbiota may further exacerbate inflammation or metabolic disorders, thereby promoting the development of chronic diseases. This feedback mechanism renders the relationship between the microbiota and chronic diseases even more complex and elusive. Figure 2 An alteration in the gut microbiota leads to systemic translocation of organisms from damaged gut epithelium to other extraintestinal sites (Ogunrinola et al., 2020) 3 Potential of the Microbiome in the Treatment of Chronic Diseases 3.1 Application and effects of microbiome regulation strategies in the treatment of chronic diseases The application and potential effects of microbiome regulation strategies in the treatment of chronic diseases are gradually gaining attention. Among them, probiotics, as a common means of microbiome regulation, aim to regulate the balance of the intestinal microbiota, enhance immunity, and improve the progression of chronic diseases by supplementing beneficial live or dead bacteria to the body. Ogunrinola et al. (2020) showed that probiotics have demonstrated certain effects in improving intestinal inflammation, alleviating diarrhea, and potentially benefiting the treatment of chronic diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease and irritable bowel syndrome (Figure 3). Prebiotics, serving as the "food" for probiotics, indirectly regulate the microbiome by promoting the growth and activity of beneficial bacteria. Their application has shown certain effectiveness in improving constipation, promoting intestinal health, and holds positive implications for the prevention and treatment of certain chronic diseases related to microbiota imbalance (Figure 3). Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is a more aggressive treatment method that aims to reconstruct the intestinal microbiota balance of patients by transplanting the gut flora of healthy individuals into the patient's body.
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