Bt_2025v16n6

Bt Research 2025, Vol.16, No.6, 259-268 http://microbescipublisher.com/index.php/bt 267 Arends B., Reisig D., Gundry S., Huseth A., Reay-Jones F., Greene J., and Kennedy G., 2021, Effectiveness of the natural resistance management refuge for Bt-cotton is dominated by local abundance of soybean and maize, Scientific Reports, 11: 19437. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-97123-8 Arsov A., Gerginova M., Paunova-Krasteva T., Petrov K., and Petrova P., 2023, Multiple cry genes in Bacillus thuringiensis strain BTG suggest a broad-spectrum insecticidal activity, International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24(13): 11137. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241311137 Cao B., Wang K., Sun X., Shu C., and Zhang J., 2025, Genomic functional analysis of the first highly effective Bacillus thuringiensis strain targeting hemipteran pests reveals its plant growth‐promoting potential, Pest Management Science, 81(7): 4085-4096. https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.8774 Carrière Y., Brown Z., Downes S., Gujar G., Epstein G., Omoto C., Storer N., Mota-Sanchez D., Jørgensen P., and Carroll S., 2019, Governing evolution: A socioecological comparison of resistance management for insecticidal transgenic Bt crops among four countries, Ambio, 49: 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-019-01167-0 Carzoli A., Aboobucker S., Sandall L., Lübberstedt T., and Suza W., 2018, Risks and opportunities of GM crops: Bt maize example, Global Food Security, 19: 84-91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gfs.2018.10.004 Dang C., Zhou X., Sun C., Wang F., Peng Y., and YèG., 2020, Impacts of Bt rice on non-target organisms assessed by the hazard quotient (HQ), Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 207: 111214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111214 Eckerstorfer M., Engelhard M., Heissenberger A., Simon S., and Teichmann H., 2019, Plants developed by new genetic modification techniques—comparison of existing regulatory frameworks in the EU and non-EU countries, Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, 7: 26. https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2019.00026 Gothandaraman R., Venkatasamy B., Thangavel T., Eswaran K., and Subbarayalu M., 2022, Molecular characterization and toxicity evaluation of indigenous Bacillus thuringiensis isolates against key lepidopteran insect pests, Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control, 32: 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41938-022-00639-y Gupta R., and Matharani J., 2025, Scrutinizing India's regulatory framework on gm crops: aligning sustainable environmental practices with food security demands, Journal of Neonatal Surgery, 14(6): 320-327. https://doi.org/10.63682/jns.v14i6.3321 Holman S., Grundy P., Spafford H., and Furlong M., 2025, Lethal and sublethal effects of cotton expressing single and pyramided proteins of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) on Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), Journal of Economic Entomology, 118(4): 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/toaf089 Koch M., Ward J., Levine S., Baum J., Vicini J., and Hammond B., 2015, The food and environmental safety of Bt crops, Frontiers in Plant Science, 6: 283. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2015.00283 Kranthi K., and Stone G., 2020, Long-term impacts of Bt cotton in India, Nature Plants, 6: 188-196. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41477-020-0615-5 Li M., and You C.B., 2025, Functional characterization of a transgenic barley line expressing anti-fungal protein, Triticeae Genomics and Genetics, 16(2): 79-91. https://doi.org/10.5376/tgg.2025.16.0009 Menz J., Modrzejewski D., Hartung F., Wilhelm R., and Sprink T., 2020, Genome edited crops touch the market: a view on the global development and regulatory environment, Frontiers in Plant Science, 11: 586027. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2020.586027 Navneet A., 2019, Regulatory approach towards GM technology in India USA and EU: a comparative analysis, Indian Journal of Public Administration, 65: 869-884. https://doi.org/10.1177/0019556119872356 Pacheco S., Gómez I., Chiñas M., Sánchez J., Soberón M., and Bravo A., 2021, Whole genome sequencing analysis of Bacillus thuringiensis GR007 reveals multiple pesticidal protein genes, Frontiers in Microbiology, 12: 758314. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.758314 Peshin R., Hansra B., Singh K., Nanda R., Sharma R., Yangsdon S., and Kumar R., 2021, Long-term impact of Bt cotton: an empirical evidence from North India, Journal of Cleaner Production, 312: 127575. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.127575 Prasad D., and Thakur A., 2025, Transforming Indian agriculture: the policy and impact landscape of genetically modified (GM) technologies, Annual Research and Review in Biology, 40(6): 159-171. https://doi.org/10.9734/arrb/2025/v40i62263 Qaim M., 2020, Role of new plant breeding technologies for food security and sustainable agricultural development, Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy, 42: 129-150. https://doi.org/10.1002/aepp.13044

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