Bt Research 2025, Vol.16, No.6, 242-250 http://microbescipublisher.com/index.php/bt 249 However, technology alone is not enough. The sustainability of Bt applications must take into account ecological consequences and changes in socio-economic conditions. If these variables are taken into account when designing the monitoring system, it will be more conducive to creating a management model that conforms to the concept of smart agriculture. This is not only about output, but also related to longer-term goals such as environmental protection and resource allocation. Looking further ahead, in the future, Bt management may no longer be a matter of a single technology. The collaboration among remote sensing, GIS, artificial intelligence and high-performance computing might be the key to building an integrated platform. A system that can handle multimodal data, make dynamic adjustments and perform visual predictions is closer to the actual situation in the field. If the spatial resolution is further enhanced, the error control becomes more precise, and the data formats can be interoperable, then the strategy of Bt application will not only be "faster", but also "more accurate" and "more stable". This entire system is ultimately expected to drive Bt management from "experience" to "intelligent control", and play a more long-term role in the context of digital agriculture. Acknowledgements Thank you to all members of Hainan Biotechnology Research Institute for their help and support during this research. Conflict of Interest Disclosure The authors confirm that the study was conducted without any commercial or financial relationships and could be interpreted as a potential conflict of interest. References Akindele O., Ajayi S., Oyegoke A., Alaka H., and Omotayo T., 2023, Application of Geographic Information System (GIS) in construction: a systematic review, Smart and Sustainable Built Environment, 14(1): 210-236. https://doi.org/10.1108/sasbe-01-2023-0016 Allu A., and Mesapam S., 2025, Impact of remote sensing data fusion on agriculture applications: a review, European Journal of Agronomy, 164: 127478. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2024.127478 Aswathi N., Balakrishnan N., Srinivasan T., Kokiladevi E., and Raghu R., 2024, Diversity of Bt toxins and their utility in pest management, Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control, 34(1): 40. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41938-024-00803-6 Baranek J., Banaszak M., Lorent D., Kaznowski A., and Konecka E., 2021, Insecticidal activity of Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1 Cry2 and Vip3 toxin combinations in Spodoptera exigua control: highlights on synergism and data scoring, Entomologia Generalis, 41(1): 71. https://doi.org/10.1127/entomologia/2020/0995 Chen X., Zhang H., and Wong C., 2025, Dynamic monitoring and precision fertilization decision system for agricultural soil nutrients using UAV remote sensing and GIS, Agriculture, 15(15): 1627. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture15151627 Dossow M., Chen M., Spliethoff H., and Fendt S., 2025, Advancing GIS-based suitability analysis of BtX PtX PBtX and eBtX facilities using the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process, MethodsX, 14: 103194. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mex.2025.103194 Duraisamy K., Yu N., Kim S., Baek J., Son J., Choi E., Park M., Kim J., Choi J., Sang M., Je Y., and Kim J., 2023, Development of a new broad-spectrum microencapsulation-based spray drying formulation of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp, kurstaki IMBL-B9 for the control of moths, Frontiers in Microbiology, 14: 1273725. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1273725 El-Ghany N., El-Aziz S., and Marei S., 2020, A review: application of remote sensing as a promising strategy for insect pests and diseases management, Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 27(27): 33503-33515. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-09517-2 Faisal B., Rahman H., Sharifee N., Sultana N., Islam M., Habib S., and Ahammad A., 2020, Integrated application of remote sensing and GIS in crop information system—a case study on aman rice production forecasting using MODIS-NDVI in Bangladesh, AgriEngineering, 2(2): 264-279. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriengineering2020017 Guo M., Wu X., Qi H., Zhang Y., Chen J., Wei Y., Zhang X., and Shang X., 2025, A methodology for sky-space-ground integrated remote sensing monitoring: a digital twin framework for multi-source Data-BIM integration in residential quality monitoring, Journal of Building Engineering, 102: 111976. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2025.111976 Kang C., Wang W., Zhang X., and Zhang Y., 2019, New step to improve the accuracy of blade tip timing method without once per revolution, Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, 134: 106321. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymssp.2019.106321
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