Bt Research 2025, Vol.16, No.6, 242-250 http://microbescipublisher.com/index.php/bt 245 4 Application of GIS in Spatial Analysis of Bt Use 4.1 Construction and integration of GIS systems for agricultural data management Nowadays, agricultural information is becoming increasingly diverse, and how to manage it has become a considerable problem. GIS, or Geographic Information System, can integrate various agricultural-related data, such as terrain, climate, soil, crop distribution, etc., into a unified platform. Many people initially think that the data sources are too diverse - such as remote sensing images, field investigations, and sensor networks, all integrated together, which is indeed quite complicated. However, as long as the system is well set up, these data can be combined into an interoperable database. Especially in the application of Bt biological insecticides, GIS can integrate spatial data such as crop distribution, application records, and the occurrence of pests and diseases to form a panoramic map. It's not just about looking at the pictures. Some systems have directly integrated decision support tools, enabling farmers and experts to share data and respond quickly, thus achieving more sustainable pest and disease management strategies (Martins and Rocha, 2012; Sadoun et al., 2015; Akindele et al., 2023). 4.2 Spatial distribution modeling and visualization of Bt application areas Not all places are suitable for applying pesticides, especially genetically modified insecticides like Bt pesticides, which require more emphasis on "using them correctly". At this point, the GIS system comes in handy. It can help draw the specific areas where pesticides are applied, making it clear at a glance which areas have been sprayed and which have not. It can even be seen whether the drug effect is in place. Through some methods, such as weighted analysis or multi-criteria decision-making tools, GIS can also create a "suitable map" that takes into account environmental conditions and agricultural demands, indicating where the most suitable place for pesticide application is. Not only that, it can also help identify "blind spots" - that is, those areas that are easily overlooked, and at the same time, it can see whether these measures have a restraining effect on the number of pests. These maps and models look like "navigation", but in fact, they are designed to deliver pesticides more precisely and ensure that resources are used where they are most needed (Dossow et al., 2025). 4.3 Decision support functions of GIS combined with field parcel information Sometimes, relying solely on large-scale data is not enough; decisions need to be made at the level of farmland. Combining GIS with specific plot information can make it closer to the actual situation. Details such as the stage at which the crops on which plot of land have grown, what pests and diseases have occurred, and how many times pesticides have been sprayed before can all be recorded in the system. With this information, when to spray the pesticide and how much to spray can be more reasonable. More importantly, in this way, it can prevent the situation where too much medicine is scattered or there is no need to sprinkle it at all, and the environmental pressure can also be reduced. In fact, such GIS support systems have long been attempting to integrate spatial analysis, predictive models, and real-time monitoring to assist farmers and agricultural technicians in making more targeted decisions. Especially in the same field, the differences in various locations can also be taken into account, achieving true "treating the symptoms with the right medicine". In this way, the use of Bt pesticides is both efficient and more environmentally friendly (Sadoun et al., 2015; Akindele et al., 2023). 5 Technical Framework for Integrated Monitoring of Bt Application Using Remote Sensing and GIS 5.1 Data source integration: satellites, UAVs, and ground observations When it comes to monitoring Bt biological insecticides, relying on a single data source is often insufficient. Satellite images, drone aerial photography, and ground surveys - these data may seem scattered, but as long as they are properly integrated, the information density and accuracy can be significantly improved. For instance, although satellites have a wide coverage and are relatively continuous in terms of time, their resolution is limited and they may not be suitable for fine monitoring of small plots of land. Drones are much more flexible. They can not only fly to the places they want to see, but also have high image resolution. Even if the aerial data is as clear as possible, the ground layer cannot be ignored. On-site observation of the growth of crops and the distribution of pests and diseases is often an important basis for correcting remote sensing data. After integrating these data through fusion technology, when observing Bt application patterns and environmental changes, the images will be more detailed and the judgments will be more reliable (Guo et al., 2025).
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