Bt_2025v16n5

Bt Research 2025, Vol.16, No.5, 194-203 http://microbescipublisher.com/index.php/bt 202 In terms of strain transformation, regulatory network research points out the key targets of transformation. Based on network analysis, we can know which gene knockdown or overexpression of which factor significantly improves toxin yield or environmental tolerance. Combined with CRISPR technology, the strain can be accurately modified instead of looking for a needle mutagenesis in a haystack. Acknowledgments The authors thank Professor Li and the research team for their guidance and support during the writing of this paper, and also appreciates the reviewers' constructive comments. Conflict of Interest Disclosure The authors confirm that the study was conducted without any commercial or financial relationships and could be interpreted as a potential conflict of interest. References Aarthi N., Dubey V., Shylesha A., Kukreti A., Patil J., Chandrashekara K., Aravindaram K., Seegenahalli R., Shivakumar N., and Channappa M., 2024, Insights into the whole genome sequence of Bacillus thuringiensis NBAIR BtPl a strain toxic to the melon fruit fly Zeugodacus cucurbitae, Current Genetics, 70(1): 13. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00294-024-01298-2 Bangaru N., 2025, Bacillus thuringiensis Cry and Cyt toxins: mechanisms of action resistance management and impact on host immune responses, Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment, 29: 101-110. https://doi.org/10.25303/294rjce1010110 Dezhabad M., Taheri H., and Sardrood B., 2018, Bacillus thuringiensis-mediated priming induces jasmonate/ethylene and salicylic acid-dependent defense pathways genes in tomato plants, 6: 61-69. https://doi.org/10.22058/JPMB.2019.116294.1196 Dordet-Frisoni E., Vandecasteele C., Contarin R., Sagne E., Baranowski E., Klopp C., Nouvel L., and Citti C., 2021, Impacts of Mycoplasma agalactiae restriction-modification systems on pan-epigenome dynamics and genome plasticity, Microbial Genomics, 8(5): 000829. https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.06.21.448925 Du L., Qiu L., Peng Q., Lereclus D., Zhang J., Song F., and Huang D., 2012, Identification of the promoter in the intergenic region between orf1 and cry8Ea1 controlled by sigma H factor, Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 78: 4164-4168. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.00622-12 Hou S., Zhang R., Lereclus D., Peng Q., Zhang J., Slamti L., and Song F., 2022, The transcription factor CpcR determines cell fate by modulating the initiation of sporulation in Bacillus thuringiensis, Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 88(6): e02374-21. https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.02374-21 Jiang J.H., Wang K., Chen T.T., and Jun Y., 2016, Regulation effect of CcpA on chitinase gene chiA and chiB in Bacillus thuringiensis, Microbiology China, 43(3): 510-517. Jogam P., Sandhya D., Alok A., Peddaboina V.R., Allini V., and Zhang B., 2022, A review on CRISPR/Cas-based epigenetic regulation in plants, International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 219: 1261-1271. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.08.182 Lazarte J.N., Valacco M.P., Moreno S., Salerno G.L., and Berón C.M., 2021, Molecular characterization of a Bacillus thuringiensis strain from Argentina toxic against Lepidoptera and Coleoptera based on its whole-genome and Cry protein analysis, Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 183: 107563. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jip.2021.107563 Lereclus D., Lereclus D., Agaisse H., Grandvalet C., Salamitou S., and Gominet M., 2000, Regulation of toxin and virulence gene transcription in Bacillus thuringiensis, International Journal of Medical Microbiology, 290(4-5): 295-299. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1438-4221(00)80024-7 Machado E.P., Rodrigues G.L., Führ F.M., Zago S.L., Marques L.H., Santos A.C., Nowatzki T., Dahmer M., Omoto C., and Bernardi O., 2020, Cross-crop resistance of Spodoptera frugiperda selected on Bt maize to genetically-modified soybean expressing Cry1Ac and Cry1F proteins in Brazil, Scientific Reports, 10(1): 10080. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-67339-1 Noor K., Cheema H.M.N., Khan A.A., and Khan R.S.A., 2022, Expression profiling of transgenes (Cry1Ac and Cry2A) in cotton genotypes under different genetic backgrounds, Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 21(10): 2818-2832. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jia.2022.07.033 Pardo-López L., Soberón M., and Bravo A., 2013, Bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal three-domain Cry toxins: mode of action insect resistance and consequences for crop protection, FEMS Microbiology Reviews, 37(1): 3-22. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6976.2012.00341.x Peng D., Luo X., Zhang N., Guo S., Zheng J., Chen L., and Sun M., 2017, Small RNA-mediated Cry toxin silencing allows Bacillus thuringiensis to evade Caenorhabditis elegans avoidance behavioral defenses, Nucleic Acids Research, 46: 159-173. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkx959

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