Bt Research 2025, Vol.16, No.4, 147-156 http://microbescipublisher.com/index.php/bt 153 6.2 Interaction between stakeholders (government, scientific research, enterprises, residents) The promotion of Bt public health measures involves multiple stakeholders: government departments, scientific research institutions, enterprises and manufacturers, and community residents. The interaction between various stakeholders affects the promotion of policies and public acceptance. The government relies on scientific research institutions to provide technical support and risk assessments, and scientific research institutions need government financial and policy support to promote innovative applications. The two should maintain close cooperation, jointly formulate Bt project plans, evaluate technical feasibility, and jointly convey authoritative information to the public. Bt preparations are usually produced and supplied by biotechnology companies, and the government and enterprises are related to supervision and supervision, procurement and supply. The government needs to conduct regulatory and audit the quality of enterprises to ensure that the Bt preparations in the environment are safe and effective; at the same time, government procurement also provides enterprises with market and profits. Scientific research institutions and enterprises can jointly promote Bt technology improvement through industry-university-research cooperation (Figure 1) (Nair et al., 2020). Scientific researchers hand over laboratory results to enterprises for pilot production, while enterprises feedback problems in actual applications for scientific research. This two-way interaction helps continuously improve the performance of Bt products and meet public health needs. Whether the government formulates policies, provides technology for scientific research or supplies products by enterprises, the ultimate service targets are residents. Residents are both recipients of policies and evaluators of actual effects (Dambach et al., 2020). Figure 1 Observation of the Bt strain QBT217 crystals (C) and spores (S) by Scanning electron microscopy (Adopted from Nair et al., 2020) 7 Dynamic Changes and Evaluation Methods of Public Acceptance 7.1 Long-term follow-up survey and tracking of behavioral changes The public's acceptance of Bt public health measures is not static, but will evolve dynamically over time and experience. At different stages of policy implementation, public attitudes may go through a process from strange doubt to gradual understanding and acceptance, to accustomed to being accustomed to it or being adjusted again because new situations arise. Therefore, it is necessary to assess the trajectory of changes in public acceptance through long-term follow-up investigations and behavioral tracking. Commonly used methods include: regular repeated questionnaires, focus group interviews, observation of actual changes in mosquito-repellent behaviors, etc. (Ingabire et al., 2017). New focus of public concern can be found during follow-up and targeted responses. In addition to subjective attitude surveys, changes in public behavior should also be tracked. Long-term assessments can also help promptly detect and respond to any reversal of acceptance (Figure 2) (Rusly, 2024). 7.2 Differences in acceptance among different social groups (urban residents vs rural residents) Public acceptance is not overall consistent, and different groups may differ, requiring classified evaluation and targeted strategies. A significant dimension is the difference between urban residents and rural residents. Urban residents usually have a high level of education, have wide access to information, and are often highly receptive to new technologies, but may also be affected by noise due to exposure to various opinions. Research shows that
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