Bt_2025v16n4

Bt Research 2025, Vol.16, No.4, 125-135 http://microbescipublisher.com/index.php/bt 133 specific pests, are safe for non-target organisms, and can be used in combination with other biological control methods-these characteristics highlight their value in green agriculture and global food security, and also make them an important tool for future environmentally friendly pest control. Acknowledgments The authors extend sincere thanks to two anonymous peer reviewers for their feedback on the manuscript. Conflict of Interest Disclosure The authors affirm that this research was conducted without any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. References Bower D., and Prather K., 2009, Engineering of bacterial strains and vectors for the production of plasmid DNA, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 82: 805-813. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-009-1889-8 Bravo A., Gómez I., Porta H., Garcia-Gómez B., Rodríguez-Almazán C., Pardo L., and Soberón M., 2013, Evolution of Bacillus thuringiensis Cry toxins insecticidal activity, Microbial biotechnology, 6: 17-26. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-7915.2012.00342.x Cangelosi C., Shank C., Santiago C., and Wilson J., 2013, Engineering large functional plasmids for biosafety, Plasmid, 70(3): 385-392. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plasmid.2013.09.002 Carrière Y., and Tabashnik B.E., 2023, Fitness costs and incomplete resistance associated with delayed evolution of practical resistance to Bt crops, Insects, 14(3): 214. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects14030214 Chang T.Y., Hsieh C., and Wu L.H., 2024, Synergistic insecticidal effect of Photorhabdus luminescens and Bacillus thuringiensis against fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda), Agriculture, 14(6): 864. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14060864 Chelliah R., Wei S., Park B., Park J., Park Y., Kim S., Jin Y., and Oh D., 2019, New perspectives on Mega plasmid sequence (poh1) in Bacillus thuringiensis ATCC 10792 harbouring antimicrobial insecticidal and antibiotic resistance genes, Microbial Pathogenesis, 126: 14-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micpath.2018.10.013 Chung K., and Booth M., 2023, Sequence-independent site-specific incorporation of chemical modifications to generate light-activated plasmids, Chemical Science, 14: 12693-12706. https://doi.org/10.1039/D3SC02761A Deist B., Rausch M., Fernández-Luna M., Adang M., and Bonning B., 2014, Bt toxin modification for enhanced efficacy, Toxins, 6: 3005-3027. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins6103005 Deng P., Peng Y., Sheng Z., Li W., and Liu Y., 2024, RNAi silencing CHS1 gene shortens the mortality time of Plutella xylostella feeding Bt-transgenic Brassica napus, Pest Management Science, 80(6): 2610-2618. https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.7968 Domínguez-Arrizabalaga M., Villanueva M., Escriche B., Ancín-Azpilicueta C., and Caballero P., 2020, Insecticidal activity of Bacillus thuringiensis proteins against coleopteran pests, Toxins, 12(7): 430. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins12070430 Fayad N., Kambris Z., Chamy L., Mahillon J., and Awad M., 2020, A novel antidipteran Bacillus thuringiensis strain: unusual cry toxin genes in a highly dynamic plasmid environment, Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 87(5): e02294-20. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.02294-20 Ferré J., and Rie J., 2002, Biochemistry and genetics of insect resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis, Annual Review of Entomology, 47: 501-533. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ento.47.091201.145234 Fraikin N., and Van Melderen L., 2023, Single-cell evidence for plasmid addiction mediated by toxin-antitoxin systems, Nucleic Acids Research, 52: 1847-1859. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkae018 Fu B.W., Xu L., Zheng M.X., Shi Y., and Zhu Y.J., 2024, Engineering of Bacillus thuringiensis Cry2Ab toxin for improved insecticidal activity, AMB Express, 14(1): 15. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13568-024-01669-5 Guerrero G.G., Favela-Hernández J.M., and Balderas-Renteria I., 2024, Plasmid vector(s) in Bacillus thuringiensis harbor genes for insect pest control and for neglected infectious diseases in humans, Frontiers in Tropical Diseases, 5: 1416187. https://doi.org/10.3389/fitd.2024.1416187 Guo Z., Sun D., Kang S., Zhou J., Gong L., Qin J., Guo L., Zhu L., Bai Y., Luo L., and Zhang Y., 2019, CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of both the PxABCC2 and PxABCC3 genes confers high-level resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Ac toxin in the diamondback moth Plutella xylostella (L.), Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 107: 31-38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibmb.2019.01.009

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