Bt Research 2025, Vol.16, No.3, 103-109 http://microbescipublisher.com/index.php/bt 105 3.3 Nanotechnology and formulation approaches Nanotechnology and new formulations are important means to enhance the stability of Bt protein at present. Research has found that by using materials such as Pickering emulsion, graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets, and Cu2+-SQDs/S-CN nanocomposites to fabricate Ph-sensitive encapsulations of Bt Cry1Ab protein, it can be made more resistant to ultraviolet rays and high temperatures. After embedding, the Bt protein decomposes more slowly under these conditions and its activity is more than ten times higher than that of the untreated one (Jalali et al., 2023). In addition, formulation methods such as microencapsulation, nanomaterial encapsulation, and the addition of ultraviolet absorbers can also make Bt protein last longer in the field and have better insecticidal effects (Azizoglu et al., 2023) (Figure 1). Figure 1 Optical microscopy pictures of (a) GO and (b) Cu2+-SQDs/S-CN particles and their histograms of capsule size distributions stabilized emulsion (c) GO and (d) Cu.2+-SQDs/S-CN, (e) dissolution of a capsule at pH = 8.5, and neutral pH observed by optical microscopy with a scale consistent with pictures a and b (Adopted from Jalali et al., 2023)
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