Bt Research 2024, Vol.15, No.3, 118-130 http://microbescipublisher.com/index.php/bt 127 elements can inform the development of novel biotechnological applications, including the creation of new bio-insecticides and strategies to combat antibiotic resistance. Furthermore, understanding the distribution and diversity of plasmids across different habitats can help predict and mitigate the spread of resistance genes in both clinical and environmental settings. Future research should focus on expanding the scope of comparative plasmid studies to include a wider range of habitats and bacterial species. This will help uncover novel plasmids and genetic elements that have yet to be discovered. Additionally, there is a need for the development of more advanced tools and methodologies for plasmid detection and assembly, particularly in metagenomic data sets, to reduce false positives and improve the accuracy of plasmid identification. Researchers should also investigate the functional roles of different plasmid types and their interactions with host bacteria to better understand the mechanisms underlying plasmid-mediated gene transfer and adaptation. Longitudinal studies tracking the evolution and dissemination of plasmids over time in various environments could provide valuable insights into the long-term impacts of plasmid diversity on microbial ecology and public health. By addressing these research gaps, scientists can enhance our understanding of plasmid biology and leverage this knowledge to develop innovative solutions for pressing global challenges, such as antibiotic resistance and sustainable agriculture. Acknowledgments MicroSci Publisher extend sincere thanks to two anonymous peer reviewers for their feedback on the manuscript. Conflict of Interest Disclosure The authors affirm that this research was conducted without any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. References Ajayi A., Perry B., Yost C., Jamieson R., Hansen L., and Rahube T., 2021, Comparative genomic analyses of the β-lactamase (blaCMY-42) encoding plasmids isolated from wastewater treatment plants in Canada, Canadian Journal of Microbiology, 67(10): 737-748. https://doi.org/10.1139/cjm-2021-0012 PMid:34077692 Antipov D., Raiko M., Lapidus A., and Pevzner P., 2019, Plasmid detection and assembly in genomic and metagenomic data sets, Genome Research, 29: 961-968. https://doi.org/10.1101/gr.241299.118 PMid:31048319 PMCid:PMC6581055 Davray D., Deo D., and Kulkarni R., 2020, Plasmids encode niche-specific traits in Lactobacillaceae, Microbial Genomics, 7(3): 000472. https://doi.org/10.1099/mgen.0.000472 PMid:33166245 PMCid:PMC8190607 Dolejská M., Papagiannitsis C., Medvecky M., Dávidová-Geržová L., and Valcek A., 2018, Characterization of the complete nucleotide sequences of IMP-4-encoding plasmids, belonging to diverse inc families, recovered from enterobacteriaceae isolates of wildlife origin, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 62(5): 10.1128. https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.02434-17 PMid:29483121 PMCid:PMC5923110 Dorsch J., Candas M., Griko N., Maaty W., Midboe E., Vadlamudi R., and Bulla L., 2002, Cry1A toxins of Bacillus thuringiensis bind specifically to a region adjacent to the membrane-proximal extracellular domain of Bt-R(1) in Manduca sexta: involvement of a cadherin in the entomopathogenicity of Bacillus thuringiensis, Insect biochemistry and molecular biology, 32(9): 1025-36. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0965-1748(02)00040-1 PMid:12213239 Douarre P., Mallet L., Radomski N., Felten A., and Mistou M., 2020, Analysis of COMPASS, a new comprehensive plasmid database revealed prevalence of multireplicon and extensive diversity of IncF plasmids, Frontiers in Microbiology, 11: 483. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2020.00483 PMid:32265894 PMCid:PMC7105883 Doumith M., Dhanji H., Ellington M., Hawkey P., and Woodford N., 2012, Characterization of plasmids encoding extended-spectrum β-lactamases and their addiction systems circulating among Escherichia coli clinical isolates in the UK, The Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 67(4): 878-885. https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkr553 PMid:22210753
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