Bt Research 2024, Vol.15, No.1, 20-29 http://microbescipublisher.com/index.php/bt 25 Figure 2 Proteomic signatures of Bt strains 109/25 (serovar darmstatdiensis), 800/3 (serovar israelensis), and 800/15 (serovar thuringiensis) (Adopted from Shikov et al., 2021) Image caption: (a) Microscope images of strain 109/25, strain 800/3, and strain 800/15 sporulating cultures. (b) Growth curves of strains’ 109/25, 800/15, and 800/3 cultures grown on T3 medium. (c) 2D-DIGE image corresponding to the overlapping Cy2, Cy3, and Cy5 fluorochrome channels of Bt serovars spore proteomes. Red light channel indicates- proteins from strain 800/3, blue—strain 109/25 proteins, and green—800/15 proteins. (d) The COG term distribution among the proteins detected with ESI-MS (Adapted from Shikov et al., 2021) 7 Functional Implications of Genomic Variability 7.1 Impact on toxin production Genomic variability in Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) strains significantly influences toxin production, which is crucial for their effectiveness as biopesticides. For instance, the strain GR007 contains multiple pesticidal protein genes, including 10 Cry genes and two Vip genes, which contribute to its high toxicity against specific insect larvae (Pacheco et al., 2021). Similarly, the strain BLB406 exhibits a unique combination of Cry and Vip genes, enhancing its larvicidal activity against Aedes aegypti larvae (Zghal et al., 2018). The presence of mobile genetic elements, such as transposons and plasmids, further contributes to the diversity of toxin genes, as seen in the strain H3, which harbors 11 novel Cry proteins within a highly dynamic plasmid environment (Fayad et al., 2020). This genomic plasticity allows Bt strains to adapt to different ecological niches and host organisms, thereby enhancing their biopesticidal potential (Peralta et al., 2021).
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