Bt Research 2024, Vol.15, No.1, 10-19 http://microbescipublisher.com/index.php/bt 10 Invited Review Open Access Bt Biopesticides: Addressing Regulatory and Market Challenges ZhongqiWu Institute of Life Sciences, Jiyang College, Zhejiang A&F University, Zhuji, 311800, Zhejiang, China Corresponding email: wzq18789256087@163.com Bt Research, 2024, Vol.15, No.1 doi: 10.5376/bt.2024.15.0002 Received: 09 Nov., 2023 Accepted: 20 Dec., 2023 Published: 12 Jan., 2024 Copyright © 2024 Wu, This is an open access article published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Preferred citation for this article: Wu Z.Q., 2024, Bt biopesticides: addressing regulatory and market challenges, Bt Research, 15(1): 10-19 (doi: 10.5376/bt.2024.15.0002) Abstract The development and application of Bt biopesticides are based on their selective toxic action against agricultural pests, making them crucial tools for reducing the use of chemical pesticides and promoting sustainable agricultural practices. This study elucidates the basic mechanisms, application fields, advantages, and limitations of Bt biopesticides, analyzes the regulatory frameworks of different countries around the world, and compares these frameworks. Through case studies of successful regulatory approvals and market adoptions, it provides practical examples of overcoming obstacles in the biopesticide industry. Additionally, this research proposes future research directions and policy recommendations aimed at further optimizing the development and promotion strategies of Bt biopesticides to achieve their widespread use globally. This not only helps enhance the sustainability of agricultural production but also reduces the negative environmental impacts, thereby supporting the long-term healthy development of the global agricultural production system. Keywords Bt biopesticides; Regulatory frameworks; Market challenges; Sustainable agriculture; Safety assessments 1 Introduction Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) biopesticides have emerged as a pivotal tool in sustainable agriculture, offering an environmentally friendly alternative to chemical pesticides. Despite their benefits, Bt biopesticides face significant regulatory and market challenges that hinder their widespread adoption. Bt is a soil bacterium known for its insecticidal properties, primarily due to the production of Cry and Cyt proteins, which are toxic to specific insect pests (Sanahuja et al., 2011). These proteins have been utilized in various formulations, including sprays and transgenic crops, to protect against insect damage. The use of Bt biopesticides has been shown to reduce the reliance on chemical pesticides, thereby minimizing environmental contamination and health risks (Egbuna et al., 2020). Additionally, Bt has applications beyond pest control, such as promoting plant growth and serving as a biofertilizer (Kumar et al., 2021). The regulatory landscape for Bt biopesticides is complex and varies significantly across different regions. Regulatory bodies must ensure the safety and efficacy of these biopesticides while addressing public concerns about genetically modified organisms (GMOs) and potential resistance development in target pests (Ballardo et al., 2020). Market challenges include the high costs associated with the development and registration of new Bt strains, competition with chemical pesticides, and the need for public acceptance and awareness (Liang et al., 2018; Rodríguez, 2019). These challenges can impede the commercialization and adoption of Bt biopesticides, despite their proven benefits. This study analyzes the regulatory frameworks for Bt biopesticides in different regions, identifies market challenges, and proposes strategies to overcome these challenges, highlighting the potential of Bt biopesticides in promoting sustainable agriculture and reducing environmental impact. By addressing these objectives, this study aims to foster a broader understanding of Bt biopesticides and support their integration into sustainable agricultural practices.
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