Bt Research 2024, Vol.15, No.1, 1-9 http://microbescipublisher.com/index.php/bt 8 5.3 The sustainability of gene evolution for the long-term application of B.t. The gene evolution of B.t. in the prevention and control of Phenacoccus solenopsis is of great significance to its sustainability in long-term application. Gene evolution can enhance the insect resistance of B.t. strains and reduce the emergence of pest resistance to them, thus maintaining their effectiveness in long-term application. It can also promote the diversity of insect-resistant genes of B.t. strains. With the long-term interaction with Phenacoccus solenopsis, B.t. strains constantly undergo gene mutations and accumulations, generating diverse insect-resistant genes. This diversity can increase the flexibility and response ability of B.t. strains in insect resistance, help to deal with the risk of pests quickly adapting and forming resistance, thus enhancing their sustainability. Gene evolution can also reduce pest resistance to B.t. In the long-term use process, pests may gradually develop resistance to B.t., reducing its insecticidal effect. However, gene evolution enables B.t. strains to constantly adjust and enhance the expression of insect-resistant genes to adapt to pest resistance changes. This dynamic response mechanism can effectively delay pest resistance to B.t., maintaining its sustainability in long-term application. Gene evolution improves the sustainability of B.t. by increasing its insecticidal activity against Phenacoccus solenopsis. With the progress of evolution, B.t. strains may form stronger insect-resistant genes with higher insecticidal activity. This enables B.t. to maintain efficient control of pests in long-term application and reduce reliance on other pesticides, thereby improving sustainability and environmental friendliness. 6 Summary and Outlook Significant progress has been made in the genetic evolution of B.t. strains in their fight against Phenacoccus solenopsis. Gene evolution enables B.t. strains to adapt to pest selection pressure and enhances the frequency and expression of their insect-resistant genes. Through diverse insect-resistant genes, reduced resistance emergence, and enhanced insecticidal activity, the sustainability of B.t. in long-term applications has been improved (Tabashnik et al., 2003). On the other hand, the development of B.t. genetic engineering has provided tremendous potential for enhancing insecticidal effectiveness. Genetic engineering techniques allow for the insertion or modification of genes in B.t. strains to enhance their insect-resistant capabilities. This includes acquiring new insect-resistant genes from other species, increasing the expression levels of insect-resistant genes, and designing more targeted insecticidal mechanisms. The advancement of genetic engineering has opened up new opportunities for the application of B.t. in cotton mealybug control and broadened the potential of its insecticidal role. In terms of genetic engineering, continuous development of new techniques and methods is crucial. With the continuous improvement of genetic engineering technology, more efficient and precise gene editing techniques can be explored to achieve the goal of targeted modification of B.t. strains. Additionally, researchers should pay further attention to the impact of genetic engineering on non-target organisms to ensure that the application of B.t. remains environmentally friendly and sustainable. In the future, it is hoped that attention will continue to be paid to the genetic evolution of B.t. strains and the application of genetic engineering technology. For genetic evolution, researchers can deeply explore the interactions between B.t. strains and pests, further analyzing the origin and evolutionary mechanisms of insect-resistant genes. Additionally, areas such as reducing pest resistance to B.t., enhancing the insecticidal activity of B.t. strains, and others are also worthy of in-depth study. Strengthening research on the genetic evolution mechanism of B.t. strains, enhancing collaboration with related fields such as pest ecology and applied ecology to gain a more comprehensive understanding, and enhancing collaborative applied research with other pesticides to explore green and sustainable integrated pest management strategies can improve insecticidal effectiveness and reduce pest resistance to B.t. and other pesticides. Conflict of Interest Disclosure The author affirms that this research was conducted without any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
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