Journal of Vaccine Research 2024, Vol.14, No.4, 207-216 http://medscipublisher.com/index.php/jvr 207 Review and Progress Open Access Development of Multi-Pathogen Vaccines: Current Advances and Challenges JieZhang Institute of Life Science, Jiyang College of Zhejiang A&F University, Zhuji, 311800, Zhejiang, China Corresponding email: jie.zhang@jicat.org Journal of Vaccine Research, 2024, Vol.14, No.4 doi: 10.5376/jvr.2024.14.0020 Received: 04 Jul., 2024 Accepted: 08 Aug., 2024 Published: 22 Aug., 2024 Copyright © 2024 Zhang, This is an open access article published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Preferred citation for this article: Zhang J., 2024, Development of multi-pathogen vaccines: current advances and challenges, Journal of Vaccine Research, 14(4): 207-216 (doi: 10.5376/jvr.2024.14.0020) Abstract This study explores the current progress in the development of multipathogen vaccines, with a focus on innovative approaches and emerging technologies driving advancements in this field. Developments include the use of novel vaccine platforms such as mRNA technology, viral vectors, and nanoparticle-based systems, which have made it possible to create vaccines that effectively target multiple pathogens. However, significant challenges remain, including addressing antigenic interference, ensuring balanced immune responses, and overcoming production and regulatory hurdles. The study also discusses the importance of collaborative efforts and public-private partnerships in advancing multipathogen vaccines, highlighting unmet needs within the field. By analyzing successful and unsuccessful cases of existing and candidate vaccines, this research provides a comprehensive overview of the potential and obstacles in multipathogen vaccine development and discusses their implications for future global health initiatives. Keywords Multi-pathogen vaccines; Vaccine development; mRNA technology; Antigen design; Vaccine manufacturing; Immunology 1 Introduction Vaccination has long been a cornerstone of public health, contributing to the significant reduction of infectious diseases worldwide (Giubilini, 2021). Traditional vaccines typically target a single pathogen, aiming to elicit an immune response that provides protection against a specific disease (Kennedy et al., 2020). However, with the increasing complexity of global health challenges, there is a growing interest in developing vaccines that can target multiple pathogens simultaneously. Multi-pathogen vaccines represent an innovative approach in vaccinology, designed to confer immunity against several infectious agents within a single formulation (Mba et al., 2023). This approach has the potential to simplify immunization schedules, reduce healthcare costs, and enhance the efficiency of vaccine deployment, particularly in resource-limited settings (Rauch et al., 2018). The development of multi-pathogen vaccines is particularly crucial in the face of emerging infectious diseases, antimicrobial resistance, and the global interconnectedness that facilitates the rapid spread of pathogens (Gebre et al., 2021). Multi-pathogen vaccines offer a strategic advantage by providing broad-spectrum protection, which is especially important for populations at high risk of exposure to multiple infectious agents (Brisse et al., 2020). Moreover, these vaccines can play a vital role in outbreak preparedness and response, offering a more comprehensive tool for managing public health crises (Lopez-Siles et al., 2021). The potential to integrate protection against multiple diseases into a single vaccine could also address challenges related to vaccine hesitancy and improve overall vaccination coverage (Brewer, 2021; Tognetti et al., 2023). This study provides a comprehensive overview of the current progress and challenges in the development of multipathogen vaccines. The research highlights the technological innovations driving advancements in this field and the obstacles that must be overcome to fully realize the potential of multipathogen vaccines. The significance of this study lies in its ability to guide future research directions for multipathogen vaccines, offer recommendations for policymakers, and contribute to global efforts to control infectious diseases through more effective and efficient vaccination strategies.
RkJQdWJsaXNoZXIy MjQ4ODYzNQ==