1 66

JVR_2024v14n3

2 Historical Background of mRNA Vaccine Developmen 5
2.1 Early research and conceptualization 5
2.2 Technological milestones 5
2.3 Pre-COVID-19 applications 6
3 Mechanism of Action of mRNA Vaccines 6
3.1 Structure and composition of mRNA vaccines 6
3.2 Cellular mechanisms 6
3.3 Delivery systems 7
4 Technological Advances in mRNA Vaccines 7
4.1 mRNA modifications and stability 7
4.2 Delivery technologies 7
4.3 Scalability and manufacturing 8
5 mRNA Vaccines in Infectious Diseases 8
5.1 Influenza and other viral infections 8
5.2 COVID-19 pandemic response 9
5.3 Other infectious disease applications 10
6 mRNA Vaccines in Cancer Immunotherapy 10
6.1 Mechanisms and strategies 10
6.2 Clinical trials and applications 11
6.3 Future prospects 11
7 Challenges and Controversies 11
7.1 Safety and efficacy concerns 11
7.2 Regulatory and ethical considerations 11
7.3 Public acceptance and misinformation 12
8 Future Directions and Perspectives 12
8.1 Next-Generation mRNA vaccines 12
8.2 Integration with other technologies 12
8.3 Global health implications 13
9 Concluding Remarks 13
2 Mechanisms of mRNA Vaccines in Cancer Immunother 57
2.1 Basic principles of mRNA vaccines 57
2.2 Immune response activation 57
2.3 Comparison with other immunotherapies 58
3 Advances in mRNA Vaccine Research for Breast Can 58
3.1 Preclinical studies and milestones 58
3.2 Clinical trials and outcomes 58
3.3 Innovative mRNA vaccine platforms 59
4 Efficacy and Safety of mRNA Vaccines in Breast C 59
4.1 Clinical efficacy 59
4.2 Immunogenicity 59
4.3 Safety profiles 59
5 Challenges in mRNA Vaccine Development for Breas 60
5.1 Technical and logistical challenges 60
5.2 Biological barriers 60
5.3 Regulatory and ethical issues 60
Table 1 Clinical trials with mRNA vaccines against 61
6 Innovations and Technological Advancements 61
6.1 Nanoparticle delivery systems 61
6.2 Advanced mRNA modifications 62
6.3 Combination therapies 62
7 Future Prospects and Research Directions 62
7.1 Personalized mRNA vaccines 62
7.2 Emerging technologies 63
7.3 Long-term goals 63
8 Concluding Remarks 63

RkJQdWJsaXNoZXIy MjQ4ODYzNQ==