Journal of Vaccine Research 2024, Vol.14, No.3, 95-106 http://medscipublisher.com/index.php/jvr 105 The rapid development and deployment of mRNA vaccines during the COVID-19 pandemic have undeniably revolutionized the field of vaccine technology. This unprecedented achievement has not only provided a critical tool in combating the pandemic but has also demonstrated the potential of mRNA vaccines to address a wide array of infectious diseases and cancer. The flexibility, speed, and efficacy of mRNA vaccines mark a new era in vaccinology, promising faster responses to future pandemics and personalized approaches to cancer treatment. Looking ahead, the continued evolution of mRNA vaccine technology will depend on addressing the remaining challenges and leveraging technological advancements. Ensuring global equity in vaccine access, improving public trust through transparency, and enhancing vaccine formulations for broader protection are crucial steps towards maximizing the impact of mRNA vaccines on global health. mRNA vaccines have set a new standard in the field of vaccinology, demonstrating remarkable potential to transform the prevention and treatment of diseases. As research and innovation continue, mRNA vaccines are poised to play a pivotal role in future public health strategies, offering hope for a healthier and more resilient global population. Acknowledgments The author expresses gratitude to the two anonymous peer reviewers for their feedback. Conflict of Interest Disclosure The author affirms that this research was conducted without any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. References Al Fayez N., Nassar M.S., Alshehri A.A., Alnefaie M.K., Almughem F.A., Alshehri B.Y., Alawad A.O., and Tawfik E.A., 2023, Recent advancement in mRNA vaccine development and applications, Pharmaceutics, 15(7): 1972. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15071972 Arunachalam P.S., Scott M.K.D., Hagan T., Li C.F., Feng Y.P., Wimmers F., Grigoryan L., Trisal M., Edara V.V., Lai L.L., Chang S.E., Feng A., Dhingra S., Shah M., Lee A.S., Chinthrajah S., Sindher S.B., Mallajosyula V., Gao F., Sigal N., Kowli S., Gupta S., Pellegrini K., Tharp G., Maysel-Auslender S., Hamilton S., Aoued H., Hrusovsky K., Roskey M., Bosinger S.E., Maecker H.T., Boyd S.D., Davis M.M., Utz P.J., Suthar M.S., Khatri P., Nadeau K.C., and Pulendran B., 2021, Systems vaccinology of the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine in humans, Nature, 596(7872): 410-416. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03791-x Buschmann M.D., Carrasco M.J., Alishetty S., Paige M., Alameh M.G., and Weissman D., 2021, Nanomaterial delivery systems for mRNA vaccines, Vaccines, 9(1): 65. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9010065 Chen J., Chen J., and Xu Q., 2022, Current developments and challenges of mRNA vaccines, Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering, 24(1): 85-109. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-bioeng-110220-031722 Gote V., Bolla P.K., Kommineni N., Butreddy A., Nukala P.K., Palakurthi S.S., and Khan W., 2023, A comprehensive review of mRNA vaccines, International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24(3): 2700. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24032700 Hassett K., Benenato K., Jacquinet E., Lee A., Woods A., Yuzhakov O., Himansu S., Deterling J., Geilich B., Ketova T., Mihai C., Lynn A., McFadyen I., Moore M., Senn J., Stanton M., Almarsson Ö., Ciaramella G., and Brito L.A., 2019, Optimization of lipid nanoparticles for intramuscular administration of mRNA vaccines, Molecular Therapy-Nucleic Acids, 15: 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.omtn.2019.01.013 Iavarone C., O'hagan D.T., Yu D., Delahaye N.F., and Ulmer J.B., 2017, Mechanism of action of mRNA-based vaccines, Expert Review of Vaccines, 16(9): 871-881. https://doi.org/10.1080/14760584.2017.1355245 Jackson N.A., Kester K.E., Casimiro D., Gurunathan S., and DeRosa F., 2020, The promise of mRNA vaccines: a biotech and industrial perspective, npj Vaccines, 5(1): 11. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41541-020-0159-8 Kim J., Eygeris Y., Gupta M., and Sahay G., 2021, Self-assembled mRNA vaccines, Advanced drug Delivery Reviews, 170: 83-112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addr.2020.12.014 Liang Y., Huang L., and Liu T., 2021, Development and delivery systems of mRNA vaccines, Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, 9: 718753. https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2021.718753 Maruggi G., Zhang C., Li J., Ulmer J.B., and Yu D., 2019, mRNA as a transformative technology for vaccine development to control infectious diseases, Molecular Therapy, 27(4): 757-772. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymthe.2019.01.020
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