Journal of Vaccine Research 2024, Vol.14, No.2, 76-84 http://medscipublisher.com/index.php/jvr 79 Figure 1 The effect of caregiver education on uptake of any vaccine among children (Adopted from Lukusa et al., 2018) Image caption: Three studies assessed the effects of educating caregivers in communities, outside of health facilities. Two of these studies reported DTP3 coverage and the third reported coverage with at least one childhood vaccine. The investigators reported DTP3 coverage of 72% (129/179) in the intervention group and 52% (92/178) in the control group. Pooling the data from the studies shows that community-based education improves childhood vaccination coverage (three trials, 2 339 participants: RR 1.61, 95% CI 1.19 to 2.18, I2 = 37%) (Adopted from Lukusa et al., 2018) 4.2.2 Kenya: implementation and outcomes Kenya has implemented school-based vaccination programs with a focus on increasing HPV vaccination coverage among adolescent girls. The use of community-based education and structured group discussions has been effective in improving vaccine uptake (Lukusa et al., 2018). Despite challenges such as limited resources and logistical constraints, these programs have achieved significant increases in vaccination coverage, highlighting the importance of community involvement and education (Lukusa et al., 2018). 4.2.3 Brazil: program effectiveness and challenges Brazil's school-based vaccination programs have faced challenges related to local service infrastructures and varying levels of vaccine coverage across different regions (Hardt et al., 2016). However, the implementation of vaccination requirements in schools and national permissive recommendations have contributed to improved immunization uptake (Das et al., 2016). The success of these programs underscores the need for strong support from government and healthcare organizations, as well as tailored approaches to address local challenges (Hardt et al., 2016; Das et al., 2016). 4.3 Lessons learned and best practices The case studies from both high-income and low- and middle-income countries provide valuable insights into the factors that contribute to the success of school-based vaccination programs. Effective program leadership, clear communication strategies, and the involvement of school nurses are critical to the success of school-based vaccination programs (Hardt et al., 2016; Perman et al., 2017). Providing education to students, parents, and the community about the importance of vaccinations can significantly improve vaccination uptake (Skinner et al., 2015; Lukusa et al., 2018; Siddiqui et al., 2022). Implementing logistical strategies such as in-school mop-up vaccination, consent form return strategies, and grade-based eligibility criteria can facilitate the smooth operation of vaccination programs (Paul and Fabio, 2014; Skinner et al., 2015). Strong support from government and healthcare organizations is essential for the successful implementation of vaccination programs, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (Hardt et al., 2016; Das et al., 2016). By incorporating these best practices, school-based vaccination programs can achieve higher coverage rates and contribute to the overall improvement of public health outcomes. 5 Challenges and Limitations 5.1 Logistical challenges School-based vaccination programs face significant logistical challenges that can hinder their effectiveness. One major issue is the coordination required between schools and health services to ensure smooth delivery of
RkJQdWJsaXNoZXIy MjQ4ODYzNQ==