Journal of Vaccine Research 2024, Vol.14, No.1, 1-9 http://medscipublisher.com/index.php/jvr 6 adults can also become infected with the varicella-zoster virus. Therefore, research on the safety and effectiveness of the vaccine in the adult population is equally important. This can involve assessing the immune response and side effects in adults following vaccination to determine the vaccine's safety and efficacy in the adult population. Safety and effectiveness studies of the chickenpox vaccine in pregnant women are an area that requires special attention. Since the chickenpox vaccine is a live vaccine, its use in pregnant women carries certain risks. Researchers can evaluate the safety and effectiveness of chickenpox vaccination in pregnant women through retrospective studies and cohort studies, among other methods, to guide vaccination strategies for expectant mothers. Research on the safety and effectiveness of the chickenpox vaccine in immunocompromised populations is also of great importance. This includes studying the immune response and side effects of the vaccine in immunocompromised patients, organ transplant recipients, and individuals undergoing immunosuppressive therapy. High-risk populations, such as individuals with underlying health conditions or potential risks like those with allergies or chronic diseases, also require research into the safety and effectiveness of the chickenpox vaccine. This helps ensure the safety and efficacy of chickenpox vaccination in these populations (Caple, 2006; Perella et al., 2016). 4 Development of New Chickenpox Vaccines 4.1 Exploring the potential of recombinant protein or virus-like particle (VLP) based on vaccine’s development Chickenpox is a highly contagious disease caused by the varicella-zoster virus, primarily transmitted through respiratory droplets. Traditional chickenpox vaccines use live attenuated viruses for immunization, which, while effective, come with certain safety concerns. Therefore, researchers have begun exploring the potential of developing vaccines based on recombinant proteins or virus-like particles (VLPs) to enhance vaccine safety and immunogenicity. Recombinant protein-based vaccine development is a novel approach that eliminates the use of live viruses. By selecting specific protein genes of the varicella-zoster virus and inserting them into host cells for expression, resulting in the artificial synthesis of varicella-zoster virus proteins. This approach avoids the use of live viruses, thereby reducing the risk of vaccine side effects and infection. Furthermore, recombinant protein vaccines can be purified using techniques such as affinity chromatography and chromatin immunoprecipitation, improving vaccine purity and stability. Additionally, by selecting appropriate expression vectors and host cells, large-scale production can be achieved, enhancing vaccine availability. Virus-Like Particles (VLPs) are particles formed through the self-assembly of recombinant proteins in an expression system, While resembling the shape and structure of real viruses, they lack the genetic material of the virus.. Researchers can optimize the production yield and purity of VLPs by selecting suitable expression vectors and host cells. VLPs activate the immune system while avoiding the risk of infection associated with live viruses. Furthermore, VLPs can achieve vaccine multivalency and enhanced immunogenicity by modifying the structure and composition of their surface proteins. Studies indicate that VLP-based vaccines have the potential to prevent chickenpox effectively, eliciting robust immune responses and providing long-term protection. These vaccine development methods based on recombinant proteins or virus-like particles offer numerous advantages. Firstly, they can significantly reduce the risk of side effects and infection associated with vaccines by avoiding the use of live viruses. Secondly, these vaccines can be produced on a large scale by selecting appropriate expression vectors and host cells, thereby enhancing their availability. Additionally, the purity and stability of vaccines can also be improved through the application of purification techniques. While vaccine development methods based on recombinant proteins or virus-like particles show tremendous promise in the field of chickenpox vaccines, they still face some challenges. Vaccine’s development methods based on recombinant proteins or virus-like particles have made significant advancements in the field of medical science. These methods can offer safer and more effective vaccine options while also helping to reduce the risk of infection during the vaccine production process. Recombinant protein-based vaccine development involves introducing specific protein genes from the target pathogen into host cells and utilizing the host cell's mechanisms to express and generate the target protein. This approach avoids the
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