Journal of Vaccine Research 2024, Vol.14, No.1, 32-39 http://medscipublisher.com/index.php/jvr 32 Research Article Open Access Investigation on the Differentiation and Functions of Immunological Memory Cells Fang Jiang Zhuji Central Hospital, Zhuji, 311800, Zhejiang, China Corresponding email: 177242186@qq.com Journal of Vaccine Research, 2024, Vol.14, No.1 doi: 10.5376/jvr.2024.14.0005 Received: 13 Feb., 2024 Accepted: 30 Mar., 2024 Published: 10 Apr., 2024 Copyright © 2024 Jiang, This is an open access article published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Preferred citation for this article: Jiang F., 2024, Investigation on the differentiation and functions of immunological memory cells, Journal of Vaccine Research, 14(1): 32-39 (doi: 10.5376/jvr.2024.14.0005) Abstract In the immune system, the synergistic action of innate and acquired immunity forms a robust defense mechanism. Innate immunity rapidly responds to invading threats through natural immune barriers and inflammatory reactions, while acquired immunity constitutes a relatively slower yet more specific and adaptive defense mechanism. The differentiation and functional regulation of immune memory cells represent a complex process. Following infection or immunization, a portion of immune cells transforms into memory cells, residing in the body's lymphoid tissues. These cells are not only able to persist for a long time, but also to initiate immune responses more quickly and efficiently for a re-encounter of the same pathogen. This study will conduct a comprehensive and in-depth study of the differentiation and function of immune memory cells in terms of their types, functions and regulatory mechanisms, in order to provide new theoretical perspectives and basis for future immunological research and treatment, and provide more innovative immunotherapy means for human beings. Keywords Immunological system; Immunological memory cells; Antigen; Differentiation; Regulatory Mechanisms The immune system serves as the body's defense line, capable of identifying and responding to invading pathogens to maintain the relative stability of the internal environment. This complex system consists of two main levels: innate immunity and adaptive immunity. Through the coordinated efforts of both, the body can effectively resist various external threats. Innate immunity serves as the first line of defense in the immune system, relying on a series of physiological barriers such as the skin and mucous membranes, as well as the rapid initiation of inflammatory responses. This nonspecific immune response unfolds quickly upon pathogen invasion, providing preliminary protection against external threats. Meanwhile, adaptive immunity, as a further level of immune response, forms more specific immunological memory through the coordinated action of T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes (Su and Liu, 2021). In this intricate immune network, immune memory cells have garnered widespread attention. Immunological memory refers to the long-term memory that the body develops and maintains for specific pathogens after the initial infection. The formation of this memory relies on two main types of cells: memory B cells and memory T cells. Upon the first infection, some B cells differentiate into memory B cells, which can survive for an extended period. Upon encountering the same antigen again, memory B cells can rapidly differentiate into antibody-producing cells, accelerating the clearance of the pathogen. Similarly, memory T cells also differentiate during the initial infection, possessing the characteristic of long-term persistence. When faced with the same antigen again, memory T cells can exert immune functions more rapidly and forcefully, forming a more enduring immune defense (Placek et al., 2019). The immune system is not only a crucial defense line against infections but also a biological system with learning and memory functions. This memory function is manifested in the existence and activities of immune memory cells, allowing the immune system to recognize and respond to antigens more rapidly and accurately. This study will delve into the differentiation and functional mechanisms of immune memory cells, revealing their fine regulation and roles in the immune system. The aim is to provide a scientific basis for the precise regulation of immune memory, immunotherapy, and vaccine design.
RkJQdWJsaXNoZXIy MjQ4ODYzNQ==