Journal of Vaccine Research 2024, Vol.14, No.1, 27-31 http://medscipublisher.com/index.php/jvr 30 the likelihood of vaccinated animals becoming sources of transmission. Moreover, by constructing mechanistic transmission models, the study further explored the long-term effects and strategies of using the BCG vaccine in different herds and regions, offering new perspectives and approaches for bTB control. The findings of this study are particularly significant for resource-limited areas where traditional test-and-slaughter strategies may be difficult to implement for various reasons. Thus, the use of the BCG vaccine opens a new path, offering hope for the control and eventual eradication of bTB. Figure 3 Scenario analyses for the prospective use of cattle vaccination within the Ethiopian dairy sector 3 Evaluation of the Research This study conducted natural transmission experiments in Ethiopia to thoroughly evaluate the effectiveness of the BCG vaccine in reducing the transmission of bovine tuberculosis (bTB). By employing a crossover design method, the experiment not only measured the direct protective effects of the BCG vaccine on vaccinated individuals but also, for the first time, revealed its significant indirect effects in reducing the capability of vaccinated animals to become sources of transmission. The study found that the transmission rate of bTB in herds vaccinated with the BCG vaccine was reduced by 74% compared to the unvaccinated control groups, highlighting the potential role of the BCG vaccine in bTB control strategies, especially in regions where traditional testing and culling methods are not feasible due to economic or social reasons. Furthermore, through in-depth analysis of experimental data, the study also suggested the potential for widespread use of the BCG vaccine in similar settings and explored its long-term impact on the dynamics of bTB transmission. These findings provide valuable insights for the broader application of the BCG vaccine in the future, while also identifying key areas for further research, such as the long-term effects of the vaccine and its universality across different herd conditions. 4 Conclusions This study conducted in Ethiopia utilized a combination of natural transmission experiments and mechanistic transmission models to comprehensively assess the potential of the BCG vaccine in reducing the transmission of
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