Journal of Vaccine Research 2024, Vol.14, No.1, 17-26 http://medscipublisher.com/index.php/jvr 21 Figure 4 The cells of the poliovirus causing spinal cord grey matter disease under a microscope (Source: http://cs.gzedu.com/jiaoshijixu/2011/hjyjk/chapter1/Resource/psk0801tz02.files/frame.htm) During the vaccine preparation process, quality control measures are essential to ensure the safety and effectiveness of the vaccine. Vaccine quality control involves multiple steps, including virus purification, testing, and determination of virus content. Researchers are continuously exploring new preparation methods and technologies to enhance vaccine efficacy and safety. For example, in recent years, genetic engineering techniques have been gradually applied to the vaccine preparation process to improve vaccine effectiveness. Additionally, the vaccine preparation process must take into account the variability of the virus in different regions and populations to ensure vaccine efficacy. The antigen of the poliovirus vaccine is the poliovirus itself, and strict quality control is required during the preparation process. The preparation methods for inactivated vaccines and live vaccines differ and should be chosen based on virus characteristics and preparation techniques. With the continuous advancement of technology, vaccine preparation methods are constantly updated and improved to enhance vaccine efficacy and safety. 2.3 Immune protection mechanism of vaccines The immune protection mechanism of the poliovirus vaccine is to activate the human immune system to generate antibodies and cellular immune responses, thereby preventing the occurrence of poliomyelitis. The antigens in the vaccine stimulate the human immune system to produce antibodies and cellular immune responses. When the human body is exposed to the poliovirus, the immune system has already produced the corresponding antibodies and immune cells capable of recognizing and clearing the virus, thus preventing further infection and replication of the virus. At this point, the human body has established immune protection against the poliovirus, effectively preventing the occurrence of poliomyelitis. The immune protection mechanism of vaccines is a complex process involving the interaction of multiple immune cells and molecules. Antibody-mediated immune protection: Antigens in the vaccine can activate the body's B cells to produce antibodies against the virus. These antibodies can bind to the virus, preventing further infection in the body. This process is known as antibody-mediated immune protection. Cell-mediated immune protection: Antigens in the vaccine can also activate the body's T cells, leading to cell-mediated immune protection. T cells can recognize and eliminate viruses infecting the body, thereby preventing further virus infection and replication. Immunological memory: After vaccination, the body's immune system establishes memory against the virus. This immunological memory allows the body to produce antibodies and immune cells more rapidly upon reexposure to the virus, leading to more effective prevention of virus infection and replication. The immune protection mechanism of the poliovirus vaccine involves activating the body's immune system to produce antibodies and cell-mediated immune responses, thereby preventing poliomyelitis. The immune protection provided by vaccines is a complex process involving interactions between various immune cells and
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