Journal of Vaccine Research 2024, Vol.14, No.1, 17-26 http://medscipublisher.com/index.php/jvr 17 Research Report Open Access Research and Technological Optimization of Polio Vaccines Hejiong Yu, Man Chen , Danrong Yang Hangzhou Minsheng Health Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, 31000,Zhejiang, China Corresponding author: 3169485616@qq.com Journal of Vaccine Research, 2024, Vol.14, No.1 doi: 10.5376/jvr.2024.14.0003 Received: 01 Jan., 2024 Accepted: 18 Feb., 2024 Published: 10 Mar., 2024 Copyright © 2024 Yu et al., This is an open access article published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Preferred citation for this article: Yu H.J., Chen M., and Yang D.R., 2024, Research and technological optimization of polio vaccines, Journal of Vaccine Research, 14(1): 17-26 (doi: 10.5376/jvr.2024.14.0003) Abstract Poliomyelitis, caused by various enteroviruses, is an acute infectious disease that primarily affects children, especially in Asia and Africa. It is mainly transmitted through the fecal-oral route, leading to severe neurological complications such as paralysis and respiratory failure. Over the past few decades, significant progress has been made in the control and reduction of poliomyelitis through vaccination programs and global initiatives. The importance of polio vaccines lies in their ability to prevent and control the occurrence and spread of poliomyelitis. Since the introduction of the first polio vaccine in 1963, vaccination has become one of the fundamental strategies for controlling and eradicating the disease. Through vaccination, individuals can achieve long-term immunity, reducing the incidence and mortality rate of poliomyelitis. This study provides a comprehensive overview and analysis of the development and current status of polio vaccines, summarizing the classification, characteristics, research progress, and future directions of these vaccines. It also discusses the significance and value of vaccine research and application, aiming to elucidate the latest achievements and advancements in current vaccine research, provide valuable information and references, and promote progress and application in polio vaccine research. Keywords Polio vaccine; Immune protection; Vaccine research and application Polio is a severe disease caused by a virus, primarily affecting children. In severe cases, it can lead to paralysis, respiratory failure, or even death. To prevent and control the spread of polio, scientists have long been devoted to the research and application of polio vaccines. In the early 1950s, American scientist Jonas Salk developed an inactivated polio vaccine, but it required a substantial amount of virus extraction and inactivation, making it expensive to produce and therefore not widely used. Later, Albert Sabin invented the oral polio vaccine, which uses live weakened viruses to stimulate the immune system, protecting the body from virus infection. With the introduction of the oral vaccine, global polio vaccination rates gradually increased, making it one of the world's most successful vaccines (Toodayan and Matteson, 2022). Now, polio vaccines are widely used worldwide, including in China. According to the World Health Organization's data, in 2018, 29 countries worldwide administered a total of 550 million doses of polio vaccine, preventing a significant number of polio cases. In China, the polio vaccine is also part of the routine vaccination program and is available in hospitals and disease control centers at all levels. Additionally, the polio vaccine is also widely used for vaccination against specific populations, such as those involved in outdoor exploration and tourism. However, the polio vaccine also faces some challenges. The oral vaccine carries a certain risk of adverse effects and transmission due to the use of live weakened viruses, while the inactivated vaccine has a high production cost and is difficult to distribute globally. Over the years, polio has posed significant challenges to public health worldwide. However, through vaccination, this study has made significant breakthroughs in controlling the spread of polio. Scientists are developing new types of polio vaccines, such as DNA vaccines and recombinant vaccines, which use new technologies and methods, providing better safety and efficacy prospects and potentially becoming the mainstream of future polio vaccines. With continuous advancements in scientific technology, the research and application of polio vaccines are continually evolving. This study aims to provide a better understanding of the research progress and current status of polio, enhancing awareness of polio and providing better protection for public health and safety.
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