Journal of Vaccine Research 2024, Vol.14, No.1, 10-16 http://medscipublisher.com/index.php/jvr 15 demand for animal vaccines. Additionally, factors such as globalization and climate change lead to the emergence of new animal diseases that traditional vaccines may not effectively combat, necessitating the development of more efficient, safe, and comprehensive novel vaccines. At the current stage, improving vaccine research and enhancing related regulations and personnel training are imperative. Establishing comprehensive animal vaccine management systems is essential for efficient vaccine administration. Government departments should enact robust vaccine management regulations, aligning with national legal requirements, and ensure that vaccine responsibilities and tasks are assigned at the individual level, ensuring dedicated management at every step. It is crucial to raise public awareness and capacity for self-protection, encouraging active cooperation with preventive measures. In regular practice, strengthening the training of personnel responsible for vaccine management enhances their sense of responsibility, thereby ensuring the safety and quality of vaccines. With the development of information technology, vaccine management should prioritize informatization. Traditional management methods often lack efficiency, and utilizing information-based management can significantly enhance the quality of vaccine management (Hao, 2012). With rapid developments in biotechnology, information technology, and related fields, the research and development of animal vaccines will encounter new opportunities. For instance, gene engineering, molecular biology, and other technologies help scientists better understand the characteristics of pathogens, enabling the development of more precise vaccines. New adjuvant technologies, nanotechnology, and other innovations can enhance vaccine efficacy and safety. Information technology can improve the efficiency and precision of vaccine production and distribution. The future research and development of animal vaccines will emphasize technological and application innovations. Furthermore, the research and production of animal vaccines will require a more globalized, collaborative, and standardized approach. Countries should strengthen information exchange and cooperation, collectively addressing global animal disease challenges, while enhancing the regulation and standardization of animal vaccines to ensure quality and safety (Luo et al., 2009). Acknowledgments Thanks to Ms. Jia Xuan our leader, for her assistance from the initial proposal, data collection, to the final draft. Conflict of Interest Disclosure The authors affirm that this research was conducted without any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. References Akkermans A., Chapsal J.M., Coccia E.M., Depraetere H., Dierick J.F., Duangkhae P., Goel S., Halder M., Hendriksen C., Levis R., Pinyosukhee K., Pullirsch D., Sanyal G., Shi L., Sitrin R., Smith D., Stickings P., Eriko Terao E., Uhlrich S., Viviani L., and Webster J., 2020, Animal testing for vaccines. Implementing replacement, reduction and refinement: challenges and priorities, Biologicals, 60: 92-107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biologicals.2020.07.010 PMid:33041187 PMCid:PMC7543787 Bhatt T.K., and Nimesh S., eds, 2021, The Design & development of novel drugs and vaccines, Academic Press, Rajasthan, India, pp.225-232. Garg R., Babiuk L., van den Hurk S.D., and Gerdts V., 2017, A novel combination adjuvant platform for human and animal vaccines, Vaccine, 35(35): 4486-4489. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.05.067 PMid:28599794 Guerrini A., 2001, Animals, vaccines, and COVID-19, Endeavour, 45(3): 100779. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.endeavour.2021.100779 PMid:34352721 PMCid:PMC8289630 Hao J.R., 2012, Discussion on dog immunization technology, Nongye Jishi yu Zhuangbei (Agricultural Technology & Equipment), (23): 16-17. Kulpa-Eddy J., Srinivas G., Halder M., Hill R., Brown K., Roth J., Hans Draayer H., Jeffrey Galvin J., Claassen I., Gifford G., Ralph Woodland iR., Doelling V., Brett Jones B., and Stokes W.S., 2011, Non-animal replacement methods for veterinary vaccine potency testing: state of the science and future directions, Procedia in Vaccinology, 5: 60-83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.provac.2011.10.005 PMid:32288914 PMCid:PMC7129755
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