Journal of Vaccine Research 2024, Vol.14, No.1, 1-9 http://medscipublisher.com/index.php/jvr 8 individuals and society. Improvements in chickenpox vaccines can enhance their efficacy in protection. While existing chickenpox vaccines have proven highly effective in preventing chickenpox infection, their protective efficacy may wane over time. Hence, by improving vaccine formulations and manufacturing processes, it is possible to enhance their immunogenicity and effectiveness, extending the duration of immune protection. This can reduce the frequency of vaccine administration, improving vaccine practicality and convenience. Enhancements in chickenpox vaccines can also reduce the incidence of adverse reactions and side effects. Although chickenpox vaccines are widely accepted and considered safe, a small percentage of individuals may experience adverse reactions, such as pain, swelling at the injection site, or post-vaccination fever. By improving vaccine formulations and manufacturing processes, it is possible to reduce the occurrence of adverse reactions and side effects, enhancing vaccine safety and acceptability. The development of new vaccines is crucial to meet the needs of specific populations. Current chickenpox vaccines are generally suitable for children and adults, but they may not be suitable or effective for certain special populations, such as pregnant women, immunocompromised patients, and individuals with weakened immune systems. Therefore, the development of new vaccines tailored to these special populations is highly necessary. This can provide broader protection, reduce the risk of chickenpox infection in these populations, and decrease the occurrence of complications (LaRussa et al., 1996). To ensure the provision of safe and effective chickenpox vaccines, international cooperation and joint efforts are indispensable. Chickenpox is a global disease, and countries face similar challenges and demands. Only through strengthened international cooperation, the sharing of experiences and resources can we better address the improvement and development of chickenpox vaccines. Countries can enhance cooperation in vaccine research and development. By jointly conducting research projects, exchanging scientific achievements, and sharing technical expertise, innovation and optimization of chickenpox vaccines can be promoted. Furthermore, international cooperation can strengthen collaboration in vaccine clinical trials, ensuring vaccine safety and efficacy by establishing uniform vaccine standards and regulatory mechanisms. Through international collaboration, countries can collectively engage in advocacy and educational activities, raising public awareness and understanding of chickenpox vaccines, dispelling misconceptions and concerns about vaccines, and promoting the widespread adoption and dissemination of vaccines. This can increase vaccination rates globally, reducing the transmission of chickenpox and the occurrence of complications. Acknowledgments We would like to thank our colleague Ms. Qikun Huang for her research work in the early stage of writing and providing relevant literature. Conflict of Interest Disclosure The authors affirm that this research was conducted without any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. References Baxter R., Ray P., Tran T.N., Black S., Shinefield H.R., Coplan P.M., Lewis E., Fireman B., and Saddier P., 2013, Long-term effectiveness of varicella vaccine: a 14-year, prospective cohort study, Pediatrics, 131(5): e1389-e1396. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2012-3303 PMid:23545380 Caple J., 2006, Varicella-zoster virus vaccine: a review of its use in the prevention of herpes zoster in older adults, Drugs Today (Barc), 42(4): 249-254. https://doi.org/10.1358/dot.2006.42.4.973589 PMid:16703121 Duan L.J., Gao H., Luo X.L., Lin X.X., Li J.M., Feng J.G., Yang Z., Mao Q., Pan Q., Zheng W.Q., and Xu L.C., 2022, The development course of the varicella vaccine, Chinese Journal of Vaccines and Immunization, 28(5): 605-611. Gershon A.A., Gershon M.D., and Shapiro E.D., 2021, Live attenuated varicella vaccine: prevention of varicella and of zoster, J. Infect. Dis., 224(12 Suppl 2): S387-S397. https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaa573 Hong J.X., Zhou X.Y., Zhang Y.F., and Yang X., 2023, Effect of live attenuated varicella vaccination on the prevention and control of varicella infection, Zhongguo Yiyao Zhinan (Guide of China Medicine), 21(20): 114-116
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