International Journal of Molecular Medical Science, 2025, Vol.15, No.5, 205-213 http://medscipublisher.com/index.php/ijmms 210 Non-AD factors, such as other chronic diseases, the use of drugs or different sample treatments, may also cause changes in biomarker levels, thereby affecting its credibility as a standalone diagnostic tool. Therefore, large-scale validation trials need to be conducted among different community populations to establish reliable judgment thresholds and ensure the accuracy and accessibility of diagnosis (Bouteloup et al., 2024). 6 Prospects for the Future of Alzheimer's Disease Screening 6.1 Develop low-cost and non-invasive detection technologies to enhance clinical accessibility Current research is leading detection methods towards a direction that does not invade the body and is cost-effective. For instance, biomarkers from blood, saliva, urine, and eyes, as well as digital features recorded by voice and wearable devices, are used to address the issues of high harm and cost associated with traditional diagnostic tools. These technologies are suitable for use in primary care and communities, enabling early AD screening to reach a wider population, including residents in areas with insufficient medical resources (Dave et al., 2025). In recent years, digital biomarkers such as voice analysis and eye-tracking have been evolving, providing more low-cost and non-invasive options for the early identification of AD. These methods alleviate patients' discomfort and risks, can be incorporated into routine health check-ups, and help enhance their clinical application (Gunes et al., 2022). 6.2 Combine multimodal data with artificial intelligence to enhance screening accuracy Integrating blood markers, neuroimaging, genetic information and digital health data, and leveraging artificial intelligence and machine learning technologies, can effectively enhance the accuracy and reliability of early AD screening (Kale et al., 2024; Hechkel and Helali, 2024). Models based on artificial intelligence can handle complex large-scale data, identify subtle change patterns from it, and thereby predict disease risks or disease progression more accurately (Gaubert et al., 2021). At present, artificial intelligent-assisted tools have been used to interpret neuroimages, analyze speech and cognitive test results, and integrate multiple types of biomarker information, providing support for personalized risk assessment and dynamic disease monitoring (Gunes et al., 2022; Kale et al., 2024). 6.3 Move from early identification to precise intervention and personalized management The focus of future AD diagnosis and treatment is shifting from early detection to precision medicine, that is, individualized biomarker-guided management strategies are formulated based on the unique biological and clinical characteristics of each patient (Kale et al., 2024). This includes using multimodal biomarker data for risk classification, selecting targeted treatment plans, and real-time tracking of efficacy changes (Chang et al., 2021; Jamal et al., 2025). To achieve the goal of precise intervention, it is necessary to verify more deeply the credibility and applicability of biomarkers in different populations and clinical situations, to ensure that the new tools are both fair and useful, and can also meet personalized needs. The update of this medical model is expected to improve the prognosis of patients and make the allocation of medical resources for Alzheimer's disease more reasonable (Arafah et al., 2023; Jamal et al., 2025). 7 Concluding Remarks In recent years, significant progress has been made in the discovery and validation of biomarkers in the field of early screening for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Sensitive detection techniques for tau protein, Aβ and neurodegenerative related markers in cerebrospinal fluid and blood, combined with imaging methods, make it possible to more accurately identify AD pathology before the appearance of clinical symptoms or in the early stage of the disease. Especially the development of blood biomarkers, with their characteristics of convenience, economy and easy promotion, is gradually changing the landscape of screening and diagnosis, and has demonstrated good diagnostic performance in both research and clinical scenarios.
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