International Journal of Molecular Medical Science, 2025, Vol.15, No.5, 235-243 http://medscipublisher.com/index.php/ijmms 239 Figure 2 Forest plot for results of adverse events comparisons: a hyperkalaemia b cough c hypotension d oedema (Adopted from Zhang et al., 2020) In addition, it is necessary to constantly monitor the proteinuria condition and cardiovascular risk factors, and adjust the treatment plan according to the actual situation of the patient to achieve better long-term treatment results. During each follow-up examination, it is necessary to strengthen the guidance for patients to take medicine on time. The situation where the elderly do not take medicine on time is more common, which will greatly affect the treatment effect (Han et al., 2020; Nielsen et al., 2024). The collaboration of multiple departments, such as nephrologists, cardiologists and pharmacists jointly managing patients, can make the treatment more individualized and thereby improve the overall recovery of elderly patients with hypertension complicated with CKD (Alcocer et al., 2023; Mhmndal et al., 2025). 5 Analysis of Treatment Outcomes and Therapeutic Effects 5.1 Blood pressure control status Both ACEI and ARB can effectively lower the blood pressure of elderly patients with hypertension, and they have similar effects in helping patients adjust their blood pressure to the ideal level (Mhmndal et al., 2025). ARB has a better control effect on 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure in the elderly, especially for female patients. ACEI can stably lower blood pressure in both male and female patients (Zaslavskaya et al., 2022). These two types of drugs are widely regarded as the main drugs for lowering blood pressure and play an important role in reducing the risk of cardiovascular and renal complications (Alcocer et al., 2023). If a single medication fails to lower blood pressure to an ideal level, ACEI or ARB can be combined with other types of antihypertensive drugs (such as calcium channel blockers) to enhance the effect of blood pressure control. However, specific treatment strategies should be formulated in combination with the patient's specific condition, concurrent diseases and tolerance to drugs to achieve individualized treatment. The key objective of treatment remains to maintain stable and appropriate blood pressure levels and prevent further damage to the kidneys and cardiovascular system (Agustina et al., 2020; Zhao et al., 2021). 5.2 Changes in renal function ACEI and ARB are more effective than other antihypertensive drugs in reducing proteinuria and slowing down the progression of chronic kidney disease. This effect can be observed from the reduction of proteinuria and the
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