International Journal of Molecular Medical Science, 2025, Vol.15, No.4, 185-194 http://medscipublisher.com/index.php/ijmms 188 Figure 1 Forrest plot of trials with the administration of vitamin D for prevention of fracture in hip, vertebrae and other parts of the body (Adopted from Khatri et al., 2023) The analysis of the statistical results of these studies shows that it is very consistent that the effect of vitamin D is not obvious. The value of the hazard ratio (RR) is close to 1 (indicating no effect), and the 95% confidence interval (ci) includes 1 (also indicating an insignificant effect). These findings were stable, regardless of the dosage or duration of vitamin D intake. Even after considering other factors that might affect the results, the conclusion remained insignificant (Zhao et al., 2017; LeBoff et al., 2022; Khatri et al., 2023; De Souza et al., 2024). 4.2 Effects on fractures in different parts When looking at fractures in different parts specifically, there is evidence suggesting that merely supplementing vitamin D does not reduce the risk of hip, spinal or other (non-vertebral) fractures in the elderly (Zhao et al., 2017; LeBoff et al., 2022; Khatri et al., 2023). It is notable that some studies have found that elderly women who take vitamin D may have an increased risk of hip fractures instead (RR 1.34; 95% ci 1.06-1.70; p=0.01), but no significant effect was observed in men (De Souza et al., 2024; De Souza et al., 2024; Cai et al., 2025). For fractures in the spine and other parts (non-vertebral bodies), the combined analysis showed no significant difference between the vitamin D intake group and the placebo group (for example, the RR for fractures in other parts was 1.02; 95% ci 0.94-1.12; p=0.6) (Zhao et al., 2017; LeBoff et al., 2022; Khatri et al., 2023; De Souza et al., 2024a; De Souza et al., 2024b). These results indicate that for ordinary elderly people, supplementing vitamin D alone (not together with calcium) cannot prevent fractures in any major parts.
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