International Journal of Molecular Medical Science, 2025, Vol.15, No.2, 98-106 http://medscipublisher.com/index.php/ijmms 105 reduce the Firmicum phylum, increase the Bacteroidetes phylum and Akkermansia, and these changes can help improve intestinal function. These findings indicate that health goals can be achieved by adjusting the fiber formula. Future research should focus on clarifying how different fiber ratios specifically affect the microbiota and human metabolism. Longer-term and more comprehensive studies are needed to observe the sustained effect of fiber intervention on intestinal health and its effectiveness in the prevention or control of chronic diseases. Exploring the synergistic effects and optimal ratios of multiple fiber mixtures is conducive to the development of more useful dietary supplements and functional foods. In addition, the role of fiber in different populations and dietary conditions should also be studied in order to formulate personalized nutrition plans and improve intestinal and overall health. Acknowledgments We would like to thank Dr Xuan continuous support throughout the development of this study. Conflict of Interest Disclosure The authors affirm that this research was conducted without any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. References Afzaal M., Saeed F., Shah Y., Hussain M., Rabail R., Socol C., Hassoun A., Pateiro M., Lorenzo J., Rusu A., and Aadil R., 2022, Human gut microbiota in health and disease: unveiling the relationship, Frontiers in Microbiology, 13: 999001. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.999001 Ar L., 1987, Dietary fibre: mechanisms of action, International Journal of Obesity, 11(Suppl 1): 3-7. Cronin P., Joyce, S., O’Toole, P., and O'Connor E., 2021, Dietary fibre modulates the gut microbiota, Nutrients, 13(5): 1655. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13051655 Cui J., Lian, Y., Zhao C., Du H., Han Y., Gao W., Xiao H., and Zheng J., 2019, Dietary fibers from fruits and vegetables and their health Benefits via Modulation of Gut Microbiota, Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety, 18(5): 1514-1532. https://doi.org/10.1111/1541-4337.12489 Dayib M., Larson J., and Slavin J., 2020, Dietary fibers reduce obesity-related disorders: mechanisms of action, Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care, 23: 445-450. https://doi.org/10.1097/MCO.0000000000000696 De Vos W., Tilg H., Van Hul M., and Cani P., 2022, Gut microbiome and health: mechanistic insights, Gut, 71: 1020-1032. https://doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2021-326789 Fan Y., and Pedersen O., 2020, Gut microbiota in human metabolic health and disease, Nature Reviews Microbiology, 19: 55-71. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41579-020-0433-9 Feng Q., Chen W.D., and Wang Y.D., 2018, Gut microbiota: an integral moderator in health and disease, Frontiers in Microbiology, 9: 151. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.00151 Grundy M.M.L., Edwards C.H., Mackie A.R., Gidley M.J., Butterworth P.J., and Ellis P.R., 2016, Re-evaluation of the mechanisms of dietary fibre and implications for macronutrient bioaccessibility, digestion and postprandial metabolism, The British Journal of Nutrition, 116: 816-833. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114516002610 Hills R.D., Pontefract B.A., Mishcon H.R., Black C., Sutton S., and Theberge C., 2019, Gut microbiome: profound implications for diet and disease. Nutrients, 11(7): 1613. https://doi.org/10.1159/000523712 Jandhyala S., Talukdar R., Subramanyam C., Vuyyuru H., Sasikala M., and Reddy N., 2015, Role of the normal gut microbiota, World Journal of Gastroenterology, 21(29): 8787-803. https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v21.i29.8787 Lattimer J., and Haub M., 2010, Effects of dietary fiber and its components on metabolic health, Nutrients, 2: 1266-1289. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu2121266 Li S., Liu T.T., Wang K., Li C., Wu F.Y., Yang X.Y., Zhao M., Chen B.J., and Chen X., 2023, The ratios of dietary non-fibrous carbohydrate (NFC) to neutral detergent fiber (NDF) influence intestinal immunity of rabbits by regulating gut microbiota composition and metabolites, Frontiers in Microbiology, 14: 1146787. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1146787 Lin S., Zhou X., Zhou Y., Kuang W., Chen Y., Luo L., and Dai F., 2020, Intestinal morphology, immunity and microbiota response to dietary fibers in largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoide, Fish and Shellfish Immunology, 103: 135-142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2020.04.070
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