International Journal of Molecular Medical Science, 2025, Vol.15, No.2, 98-106 http://medscipublisher.com/index.php/ijmms 101 4.2 Complementary roles of different fiber types in compound preparations Combining different fibers in compound preparations can produce synergistic benefits. Soluble fibers such as gum and konjac glucomannan (KGM) can increase the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) such as acetic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid. These SCFAs are the energy source of intestinal cells and have anti-inflammatory effects, which help maintain the intestinal barrier (Zhai et al., 2018; Liu et al., 2021; Vinelli et al., 2022). Insoluble fibers such as cellulose and bacterial cellulose (BC) can help regulate the flora. They can reduce the number of harmful thick-walled bacteria while increasing beneficial bacteria such as Bacteroidetes and the genus Akkermansia. These beneficial bacteria are associated with a better intestinal environment and lower inflammation (Zhai et al., 2018; Lin et al., 2020). Combining soluble and insoluble fibers can optimize the intestinal flora and enhance the overall health of the digestive system. 4.3 The influence of composition distribution ratio on the effectiveness of the preparation The ratio of soluble to insoluble fibers can significantly alter the composition of the intestinal flora and the amount of substances they produce. Research has found that increasing the proportion of soluble fiber (SDF) will lead to an increase in beneficial bacteria like Akkermansia and also increase the production of acetic acid and propionic acid. These short-chain fatty acids are particularly important for intestinal health (Vinelli et al., 2022; Zhang et al., 2023). Conversely, increasing the proportion of insoluble fiber (IDF) can promote the growth of microbiota such as Bacteroides and Prevotella, which are associated with improving the intestinal barrier and reducing inflammation (Li et al., 2023; Zhang et al., 2023). Reasonable balance of the ratio between IDF and SDF can make the intestinal flora more diverse and stable, which is helpful for maintaining intestinal health and preventing diseases (So et al., 2018; Zhang et al., 2023). 5 The regulatory Effect of Compound Dietary fiber Preparations on Intestinal Flora 5.1 The promoting effect of complex dietary fiber on beneficial bacteria: Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, etc Compound dietary fiber can significantly promote the growth of probiotics such as Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus. A review and meta-analysis showed that fiber intervention mainly composed of fructans and galactooligosaccharides significantly increased the contents of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus in healthy people (So et al., 2018). Similarly, the dietary fiber in sweet potato residue can also increase the concentrations of BifidobacteriumandLactobacillus, showing a prebiotic effect (Liu et al., 2020). The increase of these probiotics is very important for intestinal health because they can strengthen the intestinal barrier and regulate immunity. The increase of Bifidobacterium and lactic acid bacteria can improve the microbiota structure, contribute to better digestion and absorption of nutrients, and reduce the risk of intestinal diseases (Liu et al., 2020; Cronin et al., 2021). These results highlight the crucial role of dietary fiber in maintaining a healthy gut microbiota. 5.2 Inhibitory effects of complex dietary fiber on harmful bacteria: competition and inhibitory mechanisms Complex dietary fiber not only promotes probiotics but also reduces the growth of harmful bacteria through competitive and inhibitory mechanisms. For example, sweet potato residue fiber can reduce the abundance of Escherichia coli and Clostridium perfringens, while increasing the ratio of Bifidobacterium/Escherichia coli, indicating that pathogenic bacteria are competitively excluded (Liu et al., 2020). The inhibition of harmful bacteria by fibers is also related to metabolic products, which can cause adverse environments. Dietary fiber can reduce the microbiota of Thick-walled bacteria and increase the microbiota of Bacteroidetes. This change is associated with a healthier intestinal state (Zhai et al., 2018; Liu et al., 2020). These changes in the microbiota help prevent the attachment and reproduction of pathogenic bacteria, thereby enhancing intestinal health and reducing the risk of infection.
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