International Journal of Molecular Medical Science, 2025, Vol.15, No.2, 69-79 http://medscipublisher.com/index.php/ijmms 70 triterpenoids and has functions such as regulating blood sugar (Duan et al., 2023). Studies show that flavonoids in plants can regulate inflammatory responses. Modern component analysis techniques can reveal the relationship between active ingredients and human targets, facilitating the development of new drugs (Figure 1) (Noor et al., 2022). Figure 1 Graphical synopsis of network pharmacology research for the discovery of herbal medicines-derived targets, effect prediction, mechanism clarification, and new drug assistant discovery using network pharmacology approach (Adopted from Noor et al., 2022) Image caption: It analyzes the information from public data, high-throughput experimental data, and herbal medicinal data and constructs network using technologies of network expansion, optimization, comparison, knockout, and addition. Finally, it carries out computational and experimental verifications (Adopted from Noor et al., 2022) 2.2 Animals Animal-derived food and drug substances contain components such as collagen and have specific health care functions. For example, collagen can improve skin condition, and chondroitin is often used for joint health care. Animal peptide components have antibacterial effects and are of significant value in the development of functional foods. 2.3 Minerals Minerals such as calcium and zinc are of vital importance to human health. The absorption efficiency can be enhanced through nano-encapsulation technology to ensure the stable transfer of nutrients (Assadpour and Jafari, 2019). 2.4 Other categories Including mushrooms, algae and probiotics, etc. For instance, Ganoderma lucidum has the effect of enhancing immunity, spirulina is rich in nutrients, and probiotics can regulate the intestinal flora. The types of food and drug substances are rich. Modern technologies such as component analysis and nanotechnology are promoting their development and utilization (Assadpour and Jafari, 2019; Zeng et al., 2022; Duan et al., 2023.
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