International Journal of Molecular Medical Science, 2025, Vol.15, No.2, 54-68 http://medscipublisher.com/index.php/ijmms 59 Table 2 Modeling of the 13 studies included Author (Year) Missing data processing Model development method Calibration method Proof technique Number of predictor Ultimate predictor Model performance Sharathkumar et al. (2012) No information is mentioned Logistic Regression - Internal Verification 6 Blood flow infection, CVC, admission to ICU or NICU, hospitalization ≥7 days, immobilization >72 h, avoid using pregnancy drugs AUC 0.852, the Sensitivity was 70.0%, specificity was 80.0%, the Positive Predictive Value was 2.5%, and the Negative Predictive Value was 99.7% Yen et al. (2016) No information is mentioned Logistic Regression HosmerLemeshow Internal Verification 6 Age, GCS, ISS, Intubation, Blood Transfusion, Major Surgery AUC 0.91, the Sensitivity was 87.0% and the Specificity was 81.0% Cairo et al. (2018) No information is mentioned Logistic Regression - Internal Verification 5 Age, Duration of Anesthesia, ASA Grade, Renal Failure, and Septic Shock AUC 0.907, the Sensitivity was 84.4%, and Specificity was 88.2% Marquez et al. (2016) No information is mentioned Logistic Regression Akaike Information Guide Internal Verification 4 Age, Recent Surgery, Subclavian CVC, and Blood Transfusion AUC0.80 Kerris et al. (2020) - Logistic Regression HosmerLemeshow Internal Verification 4 CVC, Sepsis, Single Ventricular Disease, and Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Support AUC0.830 Jaffray et al. (2021) No information is mentioned Logistic Regression HosmerLemeshow Internal Verification 11 <1 year old or 10-22 years old, cancer, congenital heart disease, other high-risk diseases, recent hospitalization, immobility, platelet count, CVC placement before admission, recent surgery, steroid use on admission, intubation, and CVC placement on admission AUC0.78 Kerlin et al. (2015) - Logistic Regression HosmerLemeshow Internal Verification 5 Male, CVC, Limb Abnormality, Active Tumor, Alternative Diagnosis AUC0.73 Papillon et al. (2023) Multiple Interpolation Method Logistic Regression - Internal Verification 15 Intubation, need for supplemental oxygen, spinal injury, pelvic fracture, multiple long bone fractures, major surgery, age, need for blood transfusion, placement of intracranial pressure monitor or extracardiac drainage tube, low Glasgow coma score AUC0.9544
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