International Journal of Molecular Medical Science, 2024, Vol.14, No.6, 380-392 http://medscipublisher.com/index.php/ijmms 386 Figure 3 Meta-analysis of the proportion of qi-deficiency constitution in DM patients (Adopted from Bai et al., 2021) 5.5 Dietary regulation for other constitutions (Yang deficiency, damp-heat, blood stasis, etc.) For diabetic patients with Yang deficiency, characterized by cold extremities, fatigue, and a preference for warmth, dietary therapy should focus on warming foods that boost Yang energy. Foods such as lamb, ginger, and cinnamon are recommended to warm the body and enhance Yang. Avoiding cold and raw foods is crucial to prevent further depletion of Yang energy (Wong, 2016; Bai et al., 2021). Patients with damp-heat constitution, who often experience symptoms like a bitter taste in the mouth, yellow urine, and a feeling of heaviness, should focus on foods that clear heat and eliminate dampness. Foods such as mung beans, bitter melon, and dandelion greens are beneficial. It is important to avoid spicy, greasy, and fried foods, which can exacerbate damp-heat symptoms (Bai et al., 2021; Fang et al., 2021). For those with blood stasis constitution, characterized by sharp pain, dark complexion, and varicose veins, dietary therapy should aim to invigorate blood circulation and remove stasis. Foods such as turmeric, black beans, and hawthorn berries are recommended for their blood-invigorating properties. Avoiding foods that are hard to digest and can lead to stagnation, such as fatty meats and processed foods, is essential (Bai et al., 2021; Fang et al., 2021). Individualized dietary therapy based on TCM constitution identification can significantly improve the management of diabetes. By tailoring dietary recommendations to the specific needs of each constitution type, it is
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